Extensive studies have been conducted in the past decades to predict the environmental abiotic and biotic redox fate of nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives. However, surprisingly little information is available on one-electron standard reduction potentials (Eo(R-NO2/R-NO2-)). The Eo(R-NO2/R-NO2-) is an essential thermodynamic parameter for predicting the rate and extent of reductive transfor...

Combining ab initio quantum mechanics with a dipole-field model to describe acid dissociation reactions in water: First-principles free energy and entropy calculations Modeling deflagration-to-detonation transition in granular explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate Simulated thermal decomposition and detonation of nitrogen cubane by molecular dynamics

The atomic bomb resembles bombs of the more conventional type in so far as the explosive effect is the result of the very rapid liberation of a large quantity of energy in a relatively small space. It differs however from other bombs in three important respects.

introduction acute poisoning by oral ingestion of mixed hazardous materials can lead to multiorgan toxicity and may represent a special challenge in clinical management, in particular if little is known about the effects of the involved agents. this is especially true when industrial chemical substances have been swallowed, as a huge variety of toxic substances must be taken into account. concl...

*Correspondence: Jacqueline T. Salzer, Department 2: Physics of the Earth, GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany e-mail: [email protected] The geometry of the volcanic conduit is a main parameter controlling the dynamics and the style of volcanic eruptions and their precursors, but also one of the main unknowns. Pre-eruptive signals that originat...

Various types of explosive flux compression generators are illustrated and their relative advantages are compared. Experiments are described in which energy was supplied by these generators. The experiments were selected to show both versatility and limitations of the devices. Generator principles are derived from lumped parameter circuit theory. ,

Presupernova evolution and explosive nucleosynthesis in massive stars for main-sequence masses from 13 M ⊙ to 70 M ⊙ are calculated. We examine the dependence of the super-nova yields on the stellar mass, 12 C(α, γ) 16 O rate, and explosion energy. The supernova yields integrated over the initial mass function are compared with the solar abundances.