Adequate concentrations of thyroid hormones are necessary for bone development and maturation whereas excess concentrations enhance bone turnover and cause osteoporosis [1]. Although this phenomenon is most obvious in patients with overt hyperthyroidism (H) some studies suggest that even mild subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) is associated with increased bone resorption [2] and accelerated bone ...

BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease is common in women, yet little is known about risk factors for the disease. We sought to determine whether lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, and body mass index, are risk factors for Graves' hyperthyroidism. METHODS This analysis was conducted using data from the Nurses' Health Study II, amo...

summary gastro-intestinal manifestations of hyperthyroidism

Right ventricular papillary muscles from hyperthyroid and normal cats were studied in vitro at 30°C, at contraction frequencies of 12, 30 and 60/min. At 12/min the contractility of hyperthyroid muscles was significantly greater than normal, as indicated by greater velocity of isotonic shortening, isometric tension development, and rate of tension development. Isotonically contracted muscle leng...

Many of the signs and symptoms characteristic of the hyperthyroid state can be elicited in closely similar form by the administration of epinephrine or norepinephrine. Both in clinical and in experimental hyperthyroidism, some receptor systems are known to be more sensitive to catecholamines than they are in the euthyroid state (1). It has been frequently suggested, therefore, that the manifest...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of subclinical hyperthyroidism of variable etiology on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. DESIGN T he study included data of 88 postmenopausal women classified into four groups depending on the etiology of subclinical hyperthyroidism: (1) 20 with toxic multinodular goiter without history of clinical hyperthyroidism; (2) 25...

Background. Graves' disease may have a number of clinical manifestations with varying degrees of activity that may not always run in parallel. Objectives. To study associations between serum levels of TSH-receptor autoantibodies and the three main manifestations of Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism, goiter, and presence of orbitopathy) at the time of diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Methods. We des...

BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma has been reported in patients operated for different types of hyperthyroidism and the probability of a hot nodule being malignant seems to be low. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism and outcome in a large cohort of patients who presented to a tertiary cancer centre in Northern Greece. PATIENTS Among...