Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the progression and tumorigenesis of the various cancers. In this regards, anti-EGFR antibodies are valuable approved therapeutics for the EGFR over-expressing cancers. However, the occurrence of mutations in the EGFR and/or KRAS genes; a common phenomenon which is seen in many cancers, lead to the r...

The 2,760-base-pair (bp) PstI-EcoRI segment of the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103 which carries the exotoxin A structural gene was expressed from an internal promoter when cloned in a pUC9 derivative and transformed into a nontoxigenic mutant of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The unique terminal EcoRI site was deleted, and a new EcoRI site was substituted for a PvuI site located 107 bp 5' to t...

bacteria usually cause disease in the gastrointestinal tract by colonization and growth in the gastrointestinal tract, where the micro organisms may invade the tissues of host or secretion of an exotoxin that is performed in food and then ingested by the host, examples of second group include: staphylococcal, bacillus cereus, clostridial (c.botulinum and c.perfringens type a) toxin. in this stu...