In this paper, we use Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) to construct a knowledge model for pipe breaks in a water zone. Development of expert systems such as BBNs for analyzing real-time data is not only important for pipe break prediction, but is also a first step in preventing water loss and water quality deterioration through the application of machine learning techniques to facilitate real-ti...

The flow velocity distribution in partially-filled circular pipe was investigated in this paper. The velocity profile is different from full-filled pipe flow, since the flow is driven by gravity, not by pressure. The research findings show that the position of maximum flow is below the water surface, and varies with the water depth. In the region of near tube wall, the fluid velocity is mainly ...

1) Hydraulic Analysis of the Emergency Core Spray System in a BWR The emergency spray system of a BWR delivers cold water to the core after a large-break loss of coolant accident has emptied the reactor vessel. The system comprises a large water pool, a pump, a spray nozzle and connecting pipes (Figure 1). All pipes are smooth round tubes made of stainless steel with 10 cm internal diameter. Th...

Information personalization refers to the automatic adjustment of information content, structure, and presentation tailored to an individual user. By reducing information overload and customizing information access, personalization systems have emerged as an important segment of the Internet economy. This paper presents a systematic modeling methodology — PIPE (‘Personalization is Partial Evalu...

This paper presents an experimental investigation of convective heat transfer coefficient for nanofluids using spiral pipe heat exchanger. The aim of this study is to investigate experimentally flow and convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based nanofluids flowing through a spiral pipe. The test section consist of spiral pipe with ratio pitch per diameter is 7.0 and mean hydraulic ...

The in-pipe robots play significant role for applications like inspection of pipes or wearing of cables and materials, etc. The paper deals with motion analysis of in-pipe robot, whose actuator is based on shape memory effect. At first, the principle of motion and design solution of experimental in-pipe robot is introduced. Then the mathematical model is establish by means of Newton ́s mechanics...

In this paper, wall thinning having values of 3 to 80% pipe thickness were detected significantly. In the experiment, a microwave network analyzer was employed to generate microwave signals propagating in the pipe where the frequency was swept from 47.38 to 47.47 GHz. By building up a resonance model for the microwave signals propagating in the pipe, and by analyzing the resonance results of th...

The structure of pipe networks minimizing the total energy dissipation rate is studied analytically. Among all the possible pipe networks that can be built with a given total pipe volume (or pipe lateral surface area), the network which minimizes the dissipation rate is shown to be loopless. Furthermore, such an optimal network is shown to contain at most N-2 nodes in addition to the N sources ...

Weight on the bit is accomplished by running in the hole, between the bit and the drill pipe, several lengths of extremely heavy thick-walled pipe, called “drill collars”. Drill pipe may weigh up to 30 kg/m. Drill collars, of larger diameter than drill pipe and of constant diameter throughout, can weigh up to IS0 kg/m. The full hanging weight of the whole assembly in the blocks in the derrick (...

When evaluating single walled pipe vs. double walled pipe systems, one must consider two important types of failures: 'functional failure' and 'containment failure'. A functional failure is defined as pipeline system damage without loss of product containment integrity to the environment. A containment failure is defined as pipeline system damage with loss of product containment integrity, that...