Acute infectious hepatitis is by far the most common form of hepatitis. It occurs sporadically and in epidemics. The virus appears in the blood, intestinal contents and liver at various stages of the disease. It is usually transmitted by the faecaloral route. Unsanitary conditions foster its spread especially when human excreta contaminate food or water or where there is more intimate personal ...

To identify potential reservoirs/vectors of Mycobacterium ulcerans in northern Queensland, Australia, we analyzed environmental samples collected from the Daintree River catchment area, to which Buruli ulcer is endemic, and adjacent coastal lowlands by species-specific PCR. We detected M. ulcerans DNA in soil, mosquitoes, and excreta of bandicoots, which are small terrestrial marsupials.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare illness in eastern Canada. We present three cases of HPS among military personnel in Quebec. The three cases shared a common exposure to mouse excreta while engaged in military training in Alberta, a western province of Canada.

A study was conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance, excreta characteristics, and some blood nitrogen metabolite concentrations of 28-d-old male broilers fed 4 experimental diets in which CP was decreased in a stepwise manner from 23 to 17%. The other 4 diets were formulated to have 19 and 17% CP, in which 2 of them contained an additional 10% of particular essen...

BACKGROUND In rural Bangladesh, India and elsewhere, pour-flush pit latrines are the most common sanitation system. When a single pit latrine becomes full, users must empty it themselves and risk exposure to fresh feces, pay an emptying service to remove pit contents or build a new latrine. Double pit pour-flush latrines may serve as a long-term sanitation option including high water table area...

The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effect of an acidifying diet (gypsum) combined with zeolite and slightly reduced crude protein (R) vs. a control diet (C) on nutrient retention in laying hens and compare 3 approaches to estimating nutrient excretion from hens: 1) mass balance calculation (feed nutrients - egg nutrient), 2) use of an indigestible marker with analyzed feed...

In the course of attempts to isolate and characterize the ‘nesting’ or aggregation pheromone of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, two metabolites of tryptophane have been identified. These are oxindole and hydrocarbostyril. That these were indeed tryptophane metabolites was demonstrated by administering radiolabelled tryptophane to cockroaches following tetracycline treatment and i...

Epidemic cholera reached South America in January 1991 and later spread to Central America and the United States. It afflicted 312,000 people and claimed 3200 lives. Since cholera had not been in Latin America for almost 70 years, health authorities allowed environmental health barriers to cholera collapse. For example, the Governments of the Region agreed in 1961 to abide by the Charter of ...