CONTEXT Under a grant funded by ClearWay Minnesota(SM) and in partnership with nationally recognized experts in tobacco product regulation, the Public Health Law Center investigated how laws at every level apply, or fail to apply, to noncigarette tobacco products--also called "other tobacco products." EVIDENCE ACQUISITION During the years 2010-2011, standard legal research techniques were use...

A forensic investigation of digital evidence is commonly employed as a post-event response to a serious information security incident. In fact, there are many circumstances where an organisation may benefit from an ability to gather and preserve digital evidence before an incident occurs. Forensic readiness is defined as the ability of an organisation to maximise its potential to use digital ev...

Classical probability theory (CPT) has represented the rational standard for decision making in human cognition. Even though CPT has provided many descriptively excellent decision models, there have also been some empirical results persistently problematic for CPT accounts. The tension between the normative prescription of CPT and human behavior is particularly acute in cases where we have high...

Does Changing the Legal Drinking Age Influence Youth Behaviour? This paper examines the impact of a reduction in the legal drinking age in New Zealand from 20 to 18 on alcohol use, and alcohol-related hospitalisations and vehicular accidents among teenagers. We use both a difference-in-differences approach and a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to examine the impact of the law change. Our ...

For at least 111 years society has been searching for a will o' the wisp "legal test" of criminal responsibility, i.e., liability for punishment provided by law, applicable to all cases in which the defense of insanity is raised.' The purpose of the search is obvious: Society wants a legal standard by which to judge whether or not a man should be held responsible for his acts in order to establ...

One of the main factors for developing a well functioning legal background for the use of electronic documents as evidence in the court is the presence of a reliable timestamping infrastructure. Many countries are currently working on their national digital signature law. The current paper emphasises some of the problems arised during the work of the committee formed by Estonian State Chancelle...

An examination of State of Connecticut v. Julie Amero provides insight into how a general lack of understanding of digital evidence can cause an innocent defendant to be wrongfully convicted. By contrast, the 101-page opinion in Lorraine v. Markel American Insurance Co. provides legal precedence and a detailed consideration for the admission of digital evidence. An analysis of both cases leads ...

Lay jurors are often legally and logically unprepared for trial. In response, it is recommended that jurors receive training in how to make better legal decisions. This chapter suggests that jurors should receive comprehensive training in critical legal doctrines and in how to reason with legal evidence. Jurors who cannot be trained to achieve minimal levels of competence (in the law or in basi...

OBJECTIVES Assessment of the appropriateness of screening programs involves consideration of the harms as well as the benefits. These harms include the risk of false-negative results, the consequences of which have remained underinvestigated. This paper reports the results of a systematic literature review that aimed to assess the medical psychological, economic, and legal consequences of false...