Monthly composites of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI), derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVILRR), were transformed linearly into monthly evaporation rates and compared with detailed hydrologic-model simulation results for five watersheds across the United States. Model-simulated monthly evapora...

Objectives: The objective of this endeavour is to prepare βcyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex with sulfonamide (SAP) using the co-evaporation technique and screened its effect on in-vitro antimicrobial property against some Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Methods: A new sulfonamide SAP (4-amino-N-(1, 5-dimethyl-3oxo-2-phenyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) benzene sulfonamide) 4 has b...

This report investigates the influence of surface chemistry (or wettability) on the evaporation performance of free-standing double-layered thin film on the surface of water. Such newly developed evaporation system is composed of top plasmonic light-to-heat conversion layer and bottom porous supporting layer. Under solar light illumination, the induced plasmonic heat will be localized within th...

The full knowledge of the charge storage mechanisms occurring in complex composite electrodes is key for straightforward development advanced electrochemical capacitors. In this work, hybrid composed reduced graphene oxide, multiwall carbon nanotubes and NiO nanostructures were fabricated through reactive inverse matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation technique. Nitrogen doping was carried ou...

Evaporation from soil columns in the presence of a water table is a long lasting subject that has received great attention for many decades. Available analytical studies on the subject often involve an assumption that the potential evaporation rate is much less than the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. In this study, we develop a new semi-analytical method to estimate the evaporati...

shallot (allium altissimum regel.) is a medicinal, industrial and perennial plant that has underground tubers. it is one of the most important allium species in iran, which normally grows in semi-cold to very cold highlands. because of being a wild plant, shallot is encounter with water deficit during its growth season. therefore evaluation of water requirement of shallot is important. in order...

Biomass-burning aerosols contribute to aerosol radiative forcing on the climate system. The magnitude of this effect is partially determined by aerosol size distributions, which are functions of source fire characteristics (e.g. fuel type, MCE) and in-plume microphysical processing. The uncertainties in biomass-burning emission number–size distributions in climate model inventories lead to unce...

• Long-term mean TP-averaged annual ET is 353±24 mm, with 64% from soil evaporation. Annual TP increased significantly during 1982–2016. Precipitation enhancement the dominant driver of increase in ET. The drivers trend are spatially heterogeneous over TP. Vegetation change plays a less important role than climatic factors trend. While terrestrial evapotranspiration ( ) Tibetan Plateau (TP) key...

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the evaporation rate in the purification of wastewater by aquatic plants with aeration. Evaporation of surface water is important in dewatering processes. In particular, this is true in arid climates, where evaporation rates are high. Aeration is known to enhance the wastewater purification process, but it increases concurrently the water evaporation rat...