Already before the final introduction of the single European currency there have been negotiations on a further enlargement of the Eurozone to the East. The accession of 10 Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) to Euroland is likely to be realised within the next 10 years and it is an important issue to assess whether these candidates are better or worse suitable for EMU membership than...

In response to the attacks on the sovereign debt of some Eurozone countries, European Union (EU) leaders have created a set of preventive and corrective policy instruments to coordinate macro-economic policies and reforms. In this article, we deal with the European Semester, a cycle of information exchange, monitoring and surveillance. Countries that deviate from the targets are subjected to in...

Currency exchanges rates – updated monthly. Economic indicators of industrial production. Countries included: France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, States, Canada, Japan (Total G‐7), Eurozone and Total EU‐28 OECD). Updated car registration in Poland, Spain, Turkey, Japan, Republic Korea Other OECD OECD‐30). Monthly averages crude steel production thousand metric tons for Brazil, Mexico, A...

When we talk about the formation of Eurozone, it can be said that procedure itself represented a very complicated operation, because required series precisely determined steps had to coordinated among all countries enter it. Each member states European Monetary Union fulfill certain conditions, and done permanently, at least two years before entry, time entry during stay in Union. In this artic...

The European sovereign debt crisis has demonstrated the need for a rethinking of Integration Project. strong variety between member countries prevented Eurozone to become fiscal and political union asymmetric architecture Monetary Union (EMU) revealed different weaknesses. outbreak Covid-19 emergency may represent turning point EU makes even more evident that future will depend also on ability ...

The design and implementation team of computer automation systems for the Polish power industry faced many difficult problems connected with the lack of experience in this domain in the country. Another kind of problems was implied by different levels of information and communication technology in that country and in well developed ones. The differences were generated by both internal (importat...

Abstract With the outbreak of Eurozone crisis, idea providing cross-national financial transfers to countries in economic and difficulties has exacerbated political divide between EU member states with strong macroeconomic performances, which were only weakly hit by periphery that struggled a harsh downturn. This paper aims explain factors drive public support for solidarity within across count...

Well before the global financial crisis, the stance of fiscal policy in a number of countries had raised concerns about risks for the outcomes of monetary policy. To provide some insights this paper examines the fiscal-monetary interactions in a novel game theory framework with asynchronous timing of moves. It generalizes the standard commitment concept of Stackelberg leadership by making it dy...

The article presents a regression analysis of banking determinants and their impact on the capital structure banks for period 2011–2019 an extensive statistical base countries India, Russia, China, USA in Eurozone. study proceeds is based empirical results bank capital, carried out individual up to specified period. These turned be quite contradictory regarding significance different capital. U...

Fiscal forecasts produced by international institutions came under strong criticism after the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis due to excessive optimism. Presently, organizations are also accused of applying a double standard. Their opponents claim they depict negative picture for populist governments. This paper evaluates provided IMF, European Commission and OECD based on panel EU economies sel...