The relative poverty measure is the most prominent and most–quoted of the EU social inclusion indicators. This paper argues that, while pragmatically defensible in the pre–enlargement setting, the estimates and relative rankings the below–60%–of–median–income measure produces in the enlarged EU context is stretching its validity, credibility and hence legitimacy as a prime indicator to an unten...

EU enlargement is supposed to entail profound impact on the location of economic activities in Europe. Although there is concern about the implications of enlargement for regional disparities in the EU, corresponding empirical results are still rare. The objective of this analysis is to provide empirical evidence on enlargement effects with a special focus on border regions in the EU27 since th...

Medical condition can negatively effect the capacity to drive safely (1). Thus, in the EU (2) North America (1) and Australia (3), the licensing authorities have imposed certain restrictions or conditions to the concession of driving licenses to persons with particular medical conditions; that is, they are permitted to drive in certain circumstances. In some cases, the conditions or restriction...

This paper presents an analysis of Ireland's recent experience of overseas nurse recruitment. Ireland began actively recruiting nurses from overseas in 2000 and has recruited almost 10,000 nurses, primarily from India and the Philippines since that time. This paper takes a timely look at the Irish experience to date. It reviews the literature on the supply and demand factors that determine the ...

The aim of the EU Drugs Strategy 2013-2020 is to contribute to a reduction in drug demand and drug supply within the EU. The Strategy has so far been implemented by an Action Plan covering the period 2013-2016. This article sets out the findings of an evaluation that assesses the degree of implementation of the Strategy and the Action Plan in terms of outputs and, where possible, impacts. It lo...

Two luminescent probes [Eu.L¹⁻²]⁺ are reported for the rapid detection of fluoride in water. Probes [Eu.L¹⁻²]⁺ exhibit exceptional enhancements in Eu emission in the presence of fluoride, permitting its selective determination within the environmentally relevant concentration range (20-210 μM).

The question of how to proceed with illegal immigrants arriving in the southern EU member states is one of the pressing policy issues for the EU. In our article we will provide a thorough analysis of immigration policy and immigration amnesties from an economist’s perspective. In particular, we are interested in answering questions such as why (at all) some states legalize irregular immigrants ...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of law in the management of the Baltic Sea, with focus on eutrophication. It aims to identify legal instruments or structures realizing an ecosystem approach. This also includes a discussion of the prerequisites of law as contributor to ecosystem-based management (EBM), as well as evaluation of current legal instruments. While ecosystem approach ...

The article analyses the Spanish experience of EU compensatory rural policy in order to contribute to broader debates on the effectiveness of this kind of policy and the role of agriculture in the definition of European rural policies. In the case of Spain, compensatory allowances to mainly mountain farmers had little effect on economic trajectories or social cohesion because of the small sums ...

Whilst this stands to reason, the TeliaSonera case-law adds that there can also be an “exclusionary” abuse when rivals’ margins are “positive”, 2 by virtue, for instance of “reduced profitability”. 3 In other words, there is an infringement of Article 102 TFEU even if rivals maintain the ability to competitively sell their products at prices above costs. We call this the positive margin squeeze...