A medical institution possesses both public and private inter­ ests. However, recently, the public side of things has been em­ phasized because medical practice can involve invading the hu­ man body for treatment. As a result of this emphasis on public interests, medical law stipulates symbolic regulations on a hos­ pital's duty to prevent infections and the duty of medical per­ sonnel to provi...

We exhibit a polynomial time computable plane curve Γ that has finite length, does not intersect itself, and is smooth except at one endpoint, but has the following property. For every computable parametrization f of Γ and every positive integer n, there is some positive-length subcurve of Γ that f retraces at least n times. In contrast, every computable curve of finite length that does not int...

Human computation is the technique of performing a computational process by outsourcing some of the difficult-toautomate steps to humans. In the social and behavioral sciences, when using humans as measuring instruments, reproducibility guides the design and evaluation of experiments. We argue that human computation has similar properties, and that the results of human computation must be repro...

This paper describes ongoing work on the choice of modal expressions in the generation of recommendations about courses of study within the B.A.-program of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. We focus our work on the German modal verbs müssen (must), können (can), the subjunctive form sollte (should), and dürfen (may). The idea is to combine insights from formal semantics into the meaning of modal ver...