Available mouse models of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and BRCA1-mutation-related breast cancer are reviewed. The best validated mouse models of human DCIS are the conditional estrogen receptor α in mammary tissue (CERM) model initiated by deregulated estrogen receptor α and the serial explant mouse model initiated by p53 deficiency. At present the most useful and best validated mouse model ...

Advanced age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which might be further exacerbated by estrogen deficiency. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreases risks and events in postmenopausal women; however, its effects are not fully elucidated older individuals. Thus, the aim of our study to examine impact HRT on oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis cardiac remodeling. In experime...

Neurodegenerative disease is one of the problems faced by postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency. Phytoestrogen compounds can be used as an alternative treatment for diseases caused deficiency binding their receptors through receptor (ER) dependent pathway. With in silico studies, this study aims predict how phytoestrogen will stop neurons from dying using ER Genistein, daidzein, glyci...

Much evidence indicates that women have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) than do men. The reason for this gender difference is unclear. We hypothesize that estrogen deficiency in the brains of women with AD may be a key risk factor. In rapidly acquired postmortem brains from women with AD, we found greatly reduced estrogen levels compared with those from age- and gender-matc...

An acute dose of biotin (10 mg/100 g body weight) in two subcutaneous injections when given to a rat on day 1 and 2 of pregnancy, caused resorption of fetuses and placentae. Pregnancies under such biotin-treated conditions were maintained by continued estrogen or progesterone therapy. Biotin-treated pregnant rats failed to maintain normal levels of uterine weight, glycogen and protein as well a...

The mechanisms by which iron is absorbed are similar to those of divalent metals, particularly manganese, lead, and cadmium. These metals, however, show different toxicokinetics in relation to menarche or menopause, although their interaction with iron is the same. This review focuses on the kinetics of these three toxic metals (manganese, lead, and cadmium) in relation to menarche, pregnancy, ...