This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headaches among Shiraz primary schools teachers and to provide an epidemiologic model for them. A random sample of 538 teachers, constituting a 10% sample of the primary schools teachers’ population, was evaluated on the basis of the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS) as well as clinica...

Three families of venomous snakes exist in Iran including Viperidae, Elapidae, and Hydrophidae. Viperidae family is the only family with a widespread distribution. Saw-scaled vipers are important poisonous snakes in Asia and Africa. This name is given to this snake due to the presence of obliquely keeled and serrated lateral body scales. Distribution of this genera is mostly reported in t...

Expressed emotion (EE) is especially relevant in the Indian cultural context, where patients have longer and more enduring contact with family members, who play an important role as caregivers during the process of treatment & rehabilitation. A cross sectional case control study was carried out to study the relationship between EE and relapse of alcohol use. Participants included 60 participant...

the main purpose of the paper is to show how iranian family, particularly tehranian family, has changed over times. it is an important social issue because family institution has dominated a country such as iran. hence, if this institution has been changed, it means that the society will be in the process of major social and cultural events. based on our understanding, in general, the family in...

OBJECTIVES to investigate the quality of life and the associated factors on left behind elderly in rural China. METHOD the research was conducted cluster sampling to select 456 elderly left behind when family members migrated out of rural China to participate in a cross-sectional study by completing a general data questionnaire and Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS 91.5% of the elderly...

Symptomatic generalized hypermobility is a frequent occurring condition among patients referred to the rheumatologist or other medical specialist. In a subset of patients, a further classifying diagnosis of a specific syndrome can (and should) be made, based on pattern recognition and knowledge of the spectrum of hypermobility syndromes. Diagnostic clues are the patient's and family history and...

Introduction. This is quasi experimental research in order to determine and compare the learning level of nursing skills ( in B.A students) with self-directed learning and tutor-directed learning pattern in Shaheed Beheshti Univeristy of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Nursing and Midwifery faculty, 1998-1999. Methods. First of all, a questionnaire composed of some demographic data such ...

Background: Previous studies have shown that Galectin-3, a member of lectin family, is expressed in developing cartilage in mouse embryo and also in growth plate of long bones.   Objective: In the present work, the expression pattern of Galectin-3 in normal and various grades of osteoarthritic (OA) human articular cartilage has been studied.   Methods: Using immunohistochemistry and standard we...