At the beginning of the 1990s, a new class A extendedspectrum b-lactamase (ESBL), MEN-1 (CTX-M-1), was characterized in Escherichia coli strains isolated from Italian and German patients (1, 2). CTX-M-1 was the first member of the CTX-M b-lactamase family, which now comprises nine members: CTX-M-1 (MEN-1) (1, 2), CTX-M-2 (2), Toho-1 (7), CTX-M-3 (6), CTX-M-4 (6), CTX-M-5 (4), Toho-2 (8), CTX-M-...

Complete sequencing of pJIE137 revealed a backbone closely related to p271A, encoding a novel RepA protein but with a similar organization and up to ∼70% nucleotide identity to IncN plasmids. A region in pJIE137 resembling the IncN CUP regulon is mostly missing from p271A, presumably due to recombination. The class 1 In/Tn and ISEcp1-bla(CTX-M-62) transposition unit in pJIE137 and a putative tr...

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria have been increasingly reported in both hospital and community patients. Production of ESBLs is the major mechanism of resistance to oxymino-cephalosporins and aztreonam in Gram-negative bacteria. Recently a new family of ESBLs with predominant activity against cefotaxime (CTX-M β-lactamases) has been reported. Over 80 CTX-M enzymes have ...

INTRODUCTION The choice of empiric therapy of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children should be based on the knowledge of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the most common uropathogen and its antibiotic sensitivities considering that nowadays ESBL-producing [ESBL (+)] E. coli is on the rise worldwide. OBJECTIVE To examine in vivo susceptibility of ESBL (+) E. coli to ceftriaxone (CTX), and to eval...

We describe a novel labeling strategy to site-specifically attach fluorophores, biotin, and proteins to the C terminus of the A1 subunit (CTA1) of cholera toxin (CTx) in an otherwise correctly assembled and active CTx complex. Using a biotinylated N-linked glycosylation reporter peptide attached to CTA1, we provide direct evidence that ~12% of the internalized CTA1 pool reaches the ER. We also ...

1. Venom from the sea anemone Actinia cari was obtained by the "milking" method. Two lethal and hemolytic polypeptide toxins, caritoxins I (CTX I) and II (CTX II), were isolated with gel and ion exchange chromatography. 2. The mol. wt of the pure toxin was 19,800. The isoelectric points of CTX I and II were 9.45 and 10.0, respectively. The toxins had similar amino acid compositions lacking cyst...

We describe the characterization of a novel CTX-M beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica. Four S. enterica isolates (three of serotype Westhampton and one of serotype Senftenberg) resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime) were recovered in 2004 from living cockles in three supermarkets located in distant geographic areas in France, which got their supplies from...

The DNA-alkylating cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) is commonly used in the clinic to treat hematological malignancies like lymphomas and leukemias as well as solid tumors, but shows dose-dependent potentially life-threatening toxicities and can induce secondary malignancies. Thus, the clinical utility of CTX would be improved if a companion drug could be identified that allows lowering t...

A combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods was used to investigate 70 unique Escherichia coli clinical isolates identified as producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) at a medical center in Pittsburgh, PA, between 2007 and 2008. Fifty-seven isolates (81%) produced CTX-M-type ESBLs, among which CTX-M-15 was predominant (n = 46). Isolates producing CTX-M-2, -9, -14, and -65 were...