This paper explores the generation of artificial errors for correcting grammatical mistakes made by learners of English as a second language. Artificial errors are injected into a set of error-free sentences in a probabilistic manner using statistics from a corpus. Unlike previous approaches, we use linguistic information to derive error generation probabilities and build corpora to correct sev...

introduction: medication errors are among the most serious health errors threatening patient safety in all countries, with major impacts on public health. midwives as members of healthcare systems are prone to such errors. therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine medication errors and the contributing factors among midwives working in maternity units of mashhad university of medical scie...

Real-time visualization of large-scale terrain models requires complex continuous level-of-detail (LOD) schemes to reduce the prohibitively large geometry complexity of natural terrain to an acceptable level while maintaining high image quality. This paper presents new algorithms and data structures to solve this problem. Our solution centers on computing independent per-vertex error bounds, wh...

The Method of Nearby Problems (MNP) is developed as an approach for estimating numerical errors due to insufficient mesh resolution. A key aspect of this approach is the generation of accurate, analytic curve fits to an underlying numerical solution. Accurate fits are demonstrated using fifth-order Hermite splines that provide for solution continuity up to the third derivative, which is recomme...

We address the issues of improving the feature generation methods for the value-function approximation and the state space approximation. We focus the improvement of feature generation methods on approaches based on the Bellman error. The original Bellman-error-based approaches construct the first basis function as an arbitrary nonzero vector. This kind of design results an inefficient generati...

Two different systems are proposed for the task of capitalisation generation. The first system is a slightly modified speech recogniser. In this system, every word in the vocabulary is duplicated: once in a decapitalised form and again in capitalised forms. In addition, the language model is re-trained on mixed case texts. The other system is based on Named Entity (NE) recognition and punctuati...

the process of poetry in kuwait has always been progressive during the past centuries as well as the present century. this progression has raised remarkable questions such as is the good economical situation because of the foundation of petrol in this country and so on. the last question is about the time of formation of rticulate poetry in kuwait. the poets of kuwait do not care about the publ...

Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MCCDMA) is a modulation scheme that combines the advantages of OFDM and CDMA to provide robustness against frequency selectivity in wireless channels. Arrayed MC-CDMA systems combine MC-CDMA and antenna array technology to harness the spatial and temporal ’signatures’ of received signals, thus making it possible to realize high transmission rates env...

Key management is perhaps the most complex and most vulnerable part of any cryptographic implementation. To date key generation and activation have been extensively studied in the context of mobile ad hoc and wireless sensor networks. However, a dearth of research exists in designing techniques for key deactivation (revocation) and even less so for key reactivation. In this paper we study key-r...