We collected tissues from herring gulls (Larus argentatus) nesting within and outside of the Great Lakes basin. Genotoxin exposure was assessed as fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile and SOS Chromotest-inducing activity in muscle extracts. We determined whether these exposures were associated with decreased erythrocyte DNA strand length and/or induction of hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-de...

Objective: Animal and in vivo human studies have observed that diabetes alters the expression of hepatic metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. The placenta has the ability to metabolize a number of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds by processes similar to those seen in the liver. Our objective was to compare placental xenobiotic metabolizing activity ...

Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in East Asia. Because baicalein and baicalin are major components of this herb, it is important to understand the effects of these compounds on drug metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), for evaluating herb-drug interaction. The effects of baicalin and baicalein on activities of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (...

Considering the large yield of viable cells comparable to human liver, primary porcine hepatocytes offer a valuable resource for constructing a bioartificial liver device. In this study, the ability of cultured primary porcine hepatocytes to detoxify xenobiotics has been examined using various known substrates of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Present investigation...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicological effects on fish related to the leakage of yperite from rusted bomb shells dumped at sea. Both in vivo and field studies have been performed. As for the in vivo experiment, specimen of European eel were subcutaneously injected with 0.015, 0.15 and 1.5mg/kg of yperite and sacrificed after 24 and 48 h. In the field study, specimen o...

Monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 (MAb 1-12-3) recognizes an epitope exclusive to cytochrome P450s in subfamily 1A (CYP1A) from all vertebrates tested so far, including one amphibian species. In this study, we first tested the utility of MAb 1-12-3 for detection of presumed CYP1A proteins in hepatic microsomes of northern leopard frogs treated without or with 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)....

We investigated the effect of bergamottin, a major furanocoumarin in grapefruit juice, on phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes using cultured human and monkey hepatocytes. Both cultured systems were compared and evaluated for the direct effects of bergamottin as well as control treatments on liver enzymes. Treatment of hepatocytes with 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 microM bergamottin resulted in ...

Hepatic microsomes and cytosols of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), largemouth bass (Micropterussalmoides), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), hybrid striped bass (M. saxatilis x M. crysops), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochuris) (n=8) were used to study the kinetics of phase I (ECOD, EROD, PROD,...

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one of three isoenergetic diets varying in protein (35-55%) and lipid content (8-18%), at full satiation levels or half rations for 6 weeks in order to investigate the effects of diet on baseline stress parameters and biotransformation enzyme activity. Growth was greatest in fish fed to satiation on a low protein and high lipid diet. Stress ...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are immunotoxic to fish. Metabolism of PAHs in immune cells has been implicated in PAH immunotoxicity in mammals, but for fish the presence of metabolic enzymes in immune cells is less clear. The objective of this study was to examine localization and induction of the BaP-metabolizing biotransformation enzyme, cytochrome P4501...