The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential that is maximal approximately 50 ms after the commission of an error. The ERN is generated in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region of the medial prefrontal cortex implicated in both cognitive and emotional processing. Affective and motivational variables influence the magnitude of the ERN, which sugges...

Person identi€cation technology recognizes individuals by exploiting their unique, measurable physiological and behavioral characteristics. However, the state-of-the-art person identi€cation systems have been shown to be vulnerable, e.g., antisurveillance prosthetic masks can thwart face recognition, contact lenses can trick iris recognition, vocoder can compromise voice identi€cation and €nger...

Matching is the key problem in both search and recommendation, that is to measure the relevance of a document to a query or the interest of a user on an item. Previously, machine learning methods have been exploited to address the problem, which learns a matching function from labeled data, also referred to as “learning to match” [17]. In recent years, deep learning has been successfully applie...

Safe and convenient access to healthy foods for all populations is a fundamental transportation and environmental justice concern. Emerging evidence suggests that residents of lower income communities have less access to healthy food choices than those in higher income areas. Most studies to date rely on an assumed level of food quality generalized across diT erent types of food outlets (e.g., ...

We examine the problem of optimal sparse encoding of sensory stimuli by latent variables in stochastic models. Analyzing restricted Boltzmann machines with a communications theory approach, we search for the minimal model size that correctly conveys the correlations in stimulus paŠerns in an information-theoretic sense. We show that the Fisher information Matrix (FIM) reveals the optimal model ...

A .—We assessed potential eff ects of introduced Norway rats (Ra us norvegicus) on Least Auklets (Aethia pusilla) breeding at Sirius Point on Kiska Island, the largest auklet colony in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. We compared productivity, chick growth, and adult survival of Least Auklets during 2001–2003 at Kiska and two nearby, rat-free Least Auklet colonies on Buldir and Kasatochi islands. ...