An ensemble of simulations of the climate of the past millennium conducted with a three-dimensional climate model of intermediate complexity are constrained to follow temperature histories obtained from a recent compilation of well-calibrated surface temperature proxies using a simple data assimilation technique. Those simulations provide a reconstruction of the climate of the Arctic that is co...

A method of reconstruction (ART) has recently been proposed (Gordon, Bender & Herman, 1970) which consists in Qeratively changing a trial structure until its projections are consistent tith the original projections of the unknown structure. It is shown that in general ART produces errcneous reconstructions. An alternative itetative method is proposed which will give correct reconstructions unde...

This paper discusses the phyletic interpretation of the genus Phricodoceras and its taxonomic classification at the subfamily, family, and superfamily levels from an historical and critical perspective. First a review of the latest findings on this taxon is presented and the grounds for the attribution of Phricodoceras to the Schlotheimiidae (Psiloceratoidea) are summarized and illustrated. Thi...

3d imagination of human's organs has become feasible by digital image processing techniques and algorithms via ct or mri images in recent years. in this study, a new method for reverse engineering and biomodelling of hard tissues by catia cloud points' concept has been considered. comparing with the current softwares (e.g. biobuild or mimics) has shown the new method's easiness of implementing ...

FUJIFILM has developed revolutionary 3D digital imaging system “FINEPIX REAL 3D system”. The system incorporates a 3D digital camera “FINEPIX REAL 3D W1”, a 3D viewer “FINEPIX REAL 3D V1”, and 3D printing service. The FINEPIX REAL 3D W1 has two 10 megapixel CCDs, two 3× optical zoom lenses, newly developed 2D/3D LCD monitor (2.8inch), and newly developed 3D processor “Real Photo Processor 3D”. ...

Accommodation and convergence were measured simultaneously while subjects viewed 2D and 3D images. The aim was to compare fixation distances between accommodation and convergence in young subjects while they viewed 2D and 3D images. Measurements were made using an original machine that combined WAM-5500 and EMR-9, and 2D and 3D images were presented using a liquid crystal shutter system. Result...

I study strategic disclosure between multiple senders and a single receiver. The senders are competing for prizes awarded by the receiver. They decide whether to disclose a piece of information that is both verifiable and equivocal: it can influence the receiver both ways. The standard unraveling argument fails as a single sender doesn’t disclose if the commonly known probability that her infor...

BACKGROUND The increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain researches has led to growing concern over incidental findings (IFs). To establish a practical management protocol for IFs, it is useful to know the actual prevalence and problems of IF management. In the present study, we report the prevalence proportion and some handling problems of IFs in healthy Japanese children, an...

Current methods for imaging joint motion are limited to either two-dimensional (2D) video fluoroscopy, or to animated motions from a series of static three-dimensional (3D) images. 3D movement patterns can be detected from biplane fluoroscopy images matched with computed tomography images. This involves several x-ray modalities and sophisticated 2D to 3D matching for the complex wrist joint. We...