A readout of an appropriately calibrated individual dosemeter placed on the surface of the anthropomorphic phantom could be considered as a good approximation of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) that is recommended by ICRP and ICRU as a conservative estimation of effective dose in radiation protection. The response of such a dosemeter as well as the effective dose are modelled by Monte Carlo...

The production of prion particles in vitro by amplification with or without exogenous seed typically results in infectivity titers less than those associated with PrP(Sc) isolated ex vivo and highlights the potential role of co-factors that can catalyze disease-specific prion protein misfolding in vivo. We used a cell-free conversion assay previously shown to replicate many aspects of transmiss...

Discrete-event dynamic systems (DEDS) are characterized by a set of states which the system can take, and by the set of asynchronous events that cause the state changes at discrete time points. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are still important special purpose computers used to automate the DEDS in industry. Ladder logic diagrams (LLDs) are still the most popular graphical programming to...

BACKGROUND This study sought to clarify the clinical benefits of liver resection after downsizing systemic chemotherapy for initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM). METHODS Survival and clinical characteristics of CLM patients who underwent resection between January 2001 and December 2013 were retrospectively assessed. The study cohort of 88 patients with limited liver diseas...

the radionuclides 226ra, 232th and 40k concentrations measured as well as radiological parameters, for 14 granite samples that use in iran as building material were calculated. the measurements of the radioactivity concentrations were carried out at nuclear physics laboratory university of tabriz. this subject is important in environmental radiological protection, since granites are extensively...

We show an efficient method for converting a logic circuit of gates with fan-out 1 into an equivalent circuit that works even if some fraction of its gates are short-circuited, i.e., their output is shortcircuited to one of their inputs. Our conversion can be applied to any circuit with fan-in k>= 2, yielding a resilient circuit whose size is polynomial in the size of the (non-resilient) input ...