medical staples are one of the nitinol shape memory alloys applications which their pedicles have to be bent for suitable function with an appropriate angle at a specified temperature .it is achievable by shape memory effect. for this purpose, samples of nitinol super elastic alloys were bent in a steel mold with different angles & formed orthopedic staples. then shape memory effect was ind...

clostridium septicum a gram positive anaerobic bacterium produces several toxins including alpha, beta, gamma and delta. c. septicum alpha toxin is lethal and is responsible for a serious disease known as gas gangrene. the aim of the present study was to molecular cloning and sequencing of c. septicum vaccine strain alpha toxin gene. genomic dna was extracted using standard phenol and chlorofor...

an outbreak of a lethal disease was reported in 4–6-month-old holstein calves in a feedlot around tehran. the signs of central nervous system and gastrointestinal system (gi) involvement were observed in the diseased animals. necropsy samples of gi, liver, kidney, spleen and lung from 3 died animals were prepared for histopathological examination. blood and formalin-fixed ear notch samples of 6...

abstract the ability to monitor particular microorganism in an environment is a difficult task. many genes permit the differentiation of strains by conferring production of unique phenotypes such as bioluminescence [marine bacterial luciferase (luxab)]. therefore, lux-ab gene was cloned into two endemic plant pathogens pseudomonas syringae and ralostonia solanacearum by electrotransformation. l...

methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe), a gasoline octane enhancer, was introduced as a substitute for lead tetraethyl over 30 years ago. widespread use of mtbe in gasoline, has introduced mtbe into the environment compartments, mostly into the under ground and surface water and water as a second most frequently detected contaminant. in this study, we have isolated pure cultures from bacterial consorti...

background: toxoplasma gondii , an apicomplexan parasite, is capable of infecting a broad range of intermediate warm-blooded hosts including humans. the parasite seems to be capable of altering the natural behavior of the host to favor its trans-mission in the environment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the course, alter-ations in behavior along with normal kinetics of the abnormally ind...

Tensile stress-strain curve is of high importance in mechanics of materials particularly in numerical simulations of material deformations. The curve is usually obtained by experiment but is limited by necking phenomenon. Engineering stress-strain curve is converted to true stress-strain curve through simple formulas. The conversion, however, is correct up the point of necking. From this point ...