BACKGROUND 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have several pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory properties, and are reported to improve endothelial functions. Pathophysiologically, acute lung injury (ALI) is caused by a severe inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of simvastatin (an HMG-CoA reduct...

RATIONALE Most models of acute lung injury in mice have yet to be fully characterized. OBJECTIVES To directly compare and contrast endotoxin and oleic acid models of acute lung injury in mice in terms of their physiologic, biochemical, histopathologic, and imaging manifestations. METHODS Survival studies, lung weights, x-ray computed tomographic scanning, light and electron microscopy, bron...

Oleic acid-induced hypoxemia is an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of hypoxemia in lung injury. Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of ATP in the cells. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an endogenous substance that is one of the ATP precursors and ...

The minimum dietary intake of oleic acid that is indispensable to maintain a normal content of this fatty acid in several tissues (heart, muscle, kidney and testis) was determined in the rat. For this purpose, a dose-effect study was conducted using an experimental protocol with 7 groups of rats who received a diet in which the oleic acid level varied from 0 to 6000 mg per 100 g diet, but the o...

Reports from this laboratory have described the formation of palmitoleic and oleic acids from their saturated counterparts by enzyme systems of yeast (2, 3). For introducing a double bond into the 9,lO position of the aliphatic chain, the desaturating enzymes, acting on the coenzyme A derivatives of the fatty acids, require reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide, and molecular oxygen as hydrogen...

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), which binds retinoids and fatty acids, is the major soluble protein in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) but its role remains ambiguous. Using competitive fluorescence and tryptophan-quenching assays we found oleic acid and other cis-monounsaturated fatty acids bind much more strongly than does docosahexaenoic acid to bovine IRBP. IPM's fatt...

In work previously carried out in this laboratory it was shown that the nonionic surface active agent polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) inhibited the adsorption of a Corynebacterium diphtheriae phage to its host cell (Groman and Bobb, 1955). During this investigation oleic acid, a known contaminant of Tween 80, was also tested for its ability to inhibit phage adsorption. In contras...

Effects of crop rotation on soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) seed composition have not been well investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean-corn (Zea mays L.) rotations on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids composition on soybean. Soybeans were grown at Stoneville, MS, from 2005 to 2008 in five different scheduled cropping sequences. In 2007, f...

Oleic, Laurie, Palmitic, Myristic, and Stearic Acids are fatty acids with hydrocarbon chains ranging in length from 12 to 18 carbons with a terminal carboxyl group. These fatty acids are absorbed, digested, and transported in animals and humans. Little acute toxicity was observed when Oleic, Laurie, Palmitic, Myristic, or Stearic Acid or cosmetic formulations containing these fatty acids were g...