In our work we aimed to study the pathomorphological manifestations among structural components of laryngeal mucosa and cartilage in early stages experimental opioid effect. This goal was achieved through use histological techniques visualize cartilage. Histological sections with a thickness 5 - 7 mm were made. specimens prepared according conventional methods using dye hematoxylin, eosin, azan...

Receptors located in the posterior oral cavity and on the epiglottis play an important role in the initiation of upper airway reflexes such as swallowing, gagging, coughing and apnea. Peripheral nerves which innervate these receptor areas terminate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). We have recorded the responses of 61 neurons in the lamb NTS to stimulation of the caudal tongue, palate an...

As previously discussed, because of differences in anatomy, there are differences in techniques for intubating the trachea of infants and children compared with adults.[1–4,17–19,99,114,115] Because of the smaller dimensions of the pediatric airway there is increased risk of obstruction with trauma to the airway structures. A technique to be avoided is that in which the blade is advanced into t...

Corresponding author: Hyo Myoung Lee, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Bangdong-ri, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung 210-711, Korea. Tel: 82-33-610-3114, Fax: 82-33-610-3409, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens...

Sir,—Accurate assessment of the position of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is important during controlled trials involving the LMA. Radiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show the position of the LMA precisely [1, 2]. A fibreoptic bronchoscope is used frequently for assessment in the clinical setting [3-5]. I have noticed recently that fibreoscopy cannot confirm the correct position o...

Laryngomalacia is a congenital condition that is characterized by the abnormal development of supraglottic structures, such as the epiglottis. The supraglottic structures tend to collapse during inspiration, causing stridor and, in severe cases, hypoxemia. Tracheomalacia is a more serious condition of abnormally developing tracheal cartilage that is characterized by tracheal lumen collapse dura...