In developed countries, businesses are adopting environmentally friendly management practices, possibly because they are proving profitable. However, the benefits of a corporate environmental strategy are less clear in developing and transition economies, where environmental regulations are poorly enforced and social pressures are weak. Given this lack of clarity, understanding the causes and c...

In Poland of the 1990s, urban demand for housing land around city agglomerations increased rapidly. The decreasing profitability of agricultural production also caused farmers to become interested in the sale of agricultural land for nonagricultural purposes, and new land legislation granted them the right to sell their land. Polish counties simultaneously received self-governing status, which ...

This paper analyzes whether regulating “hot spots” of toxic air pollution by increasing the spatial resolution of regulation could address environmental justice (EJ) concerns. To examine this question, this paper develops a decision model of a regulator choosing emission controls within a net cost minimizing framework. An empirical application of the model using air toxic emission data for Esca...

A regulator anticipates learning about the relation between environmental stocks and economic damages. For a model with linear-quadratic costs and a general learning process, we show analytically that anticipated learning decreases the optimal level of abatement at a given information set. If learning causes the regulator to eventually decide that damages are higher than previously thought, lea...

The last three decades have seen the emergence of environmental regulation as a major activity of governments in the United States and elsewhere. As the stringency of those regulations has increased so too has the incentive for non-compliance and the need to enforce. It is obvious that enforcement issues matter in designing and appraising any regulatory regime. Cost-benefit evaluation of a part...

Our analysis of measures to improve the environmental policy-making process strongly suggests that obtaining meaningful changes in regulatory outcomes demands far greater systemic change than is contemplated either by current " reinvention " programs or by the proposals of critics of current regulatory approaches. We argue that current proposals for changing regulatory policy-making process are...

The idea that the biota can regulate the abiotic components of their environment to levels suitable for life has attracted criticism from neo-Darwinian theorists but is still a viable hypothesis. Here we present a model, similar to Daisyworld [1] but more general, which allows for a more extensive study of the compatibility of biotic regulation with evolutionary theory. Results obtained highlig...

Aquaculture ranks among the most dynamic food production industries in the world, with an annual growth rate of 9.2% since 1970 [1]. Both the fisheries and aquaculture sectors are facing strengthened regulations, with an emphasis on improving sustainable growth and environmental protection. The New Earth Observation Markets for Fisheries and Aquaculture (NEMA) project has established a number o...

BACKGROUND In pediatric environmental health research, information about family members is often directly sought or indirectly obtained in the process of identifying child risk factors and helping to tease apart and identify interactions between genetic and environmental factors. However, federal regulations governing human subjects research do not directly address ethical issues associated wit...