castor bean (ricinus communis l.( with a capability to withstand harsh conditions, low nutritional needs, 50 percent of oil content and high- quality, is one of the best crop used to produce biodiesel. the first step toward introduction and widespread cultivation of this crop is to investigate the energy balance for its cultivation. to do so, energy input (include renewable and nonrenewable) an...

Remanufactured products that can substitute for new products are generally claimed to save energy. These claims are made from studies that look mainly at the differences in materials production and manufacturing. However, when the use phase is included, the situation can change radically. In this Article, 25 case studies for eight different product categories were studied, including: (1) furnit...

in this research, some of the echo-physiological characteristics of pistachio trees were studied to understand crop response to drought stress and determine the best irrigation interval. this experiment was carried out in an orchard with a sandy loam textured soil and a commercial cultivar of pistachio named ouhadi grafted on pistacia vera l. rootstock for three years. the irrigation system sel...

abstract- maize production, which is ranked after wheat and barely in fars province, iran, needs a considerable amount of irrigation water that is not available in scarce water conditions in drought situations. therefore, proper planting method can improve irrigation water management. the objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of two planting methods, on-bed and in furr...

abstract in order to evaluate the effects of different depths of irrigation by sprinkler irrigation system on water use efficiency (wue) of new early maize cultivar ksc302, an experiments was carried out in karj during 2006 and 2007. experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. main plots were three irrigation levels: 75%, 100% and 125% etc (es...

Microgrid and smart electrical grids are among the new concepts in power systems that support new technologies within themselves. Electric cars are some advanced technologies that their optimized use can increase grid efficiency. The modern electric cars sometimes, through the necessary infrastructure and proper management, can serve as an energy source to supply grid loads. This study was cond...

Iran as a rapidly developing country, whose economy is enriched by oil and gas exports, has to integrate Green Economy concept into its energy sector. In order to integrate environmental concerns into energy sector, an Energy-Environment Review (EER) was considered as the mainstreaming tool capable of examining the interface between energy and the environment. The results of the EER should be i...

introduction in the wastewater treatment industry, the general attentionis mostly paidto the effluent quality standards. regardless of energy consumption, the treatment plants have been designed based on experience rather than the latest scientific findings.the treatment plants are considered as a part of energy equipment which largely consumed electrical energy.thus, electricity is the great p...