Intuitionistic logic consists of the principles of reasoning which were used informally by L. E. J. Brouwer, formalized by A. Heyting (also partially by V. Glivenko), interpreted by A. Kolmogorov, and studied by G. Gentzen and K. Gödel during the first third of the twentieth century. Formally, intuitionistic first-order predicate logic is a proper subsystem of classical logic, obtained by repla...

We present a brief overview of recent theoretical studies of the core-level binding energy shift (CLS) in solid metallic materials. The focus is on first principles calculations using the complete screening picture, which incorporates the initial (ground state) and final (core-ionized) state contributions of the electron photoemission process in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), all withi...

For a class of weakly hyperbolic systems of the form Dt − A(t, x,Dx), where A(t, x, Dx) is a first-order pseudodifferential operator whose principal part degenerates like t∗ at time t = 0, for some integer l∗ ≥ 1, well-posedness of the Cauchy problem is proved in an adapted scale of Sobolev spaces. In addition, an upper bound for the loss of regularity that occurs when passing from the Cauchy d...

We investigate the structure, stability, and electronic properties of yttrium silicide nanowires with AlB2-type structure, using ab initio calculations. The results confirm experimental findings that yttrium silicide nanowires are robust and conductive. In particular, the dependencies on nanowire thickness are analyzed. Furthermore, calculations show that the vacancy formation in stoichiometric...

We study physical situation considered by Einstein (Ann. Physik, 17, 1905) for his first derivation of mass-energy equivalence and show that the derivation includes hidden conditions which jeopardize correctness and completeness of Einstein’s derivation for the mass-energy equivalence.

We perform a new estimate of the high energy neutrinos expected from GRBs associated with the first generation of stars in light of new models and constraints on the epoch of reionization and a more detailed evaluation of the neutrino emission yields. In disagreement with most optimistic results in previous literature, we find that high energy neutrinos from Population III stars will not be obs...

According to previous interpretations of experimental data, sodium-scandium double-cation borohydride NaSc(BH4)4 crystallizes in the crystallographic space group Cmcm where each sodium (scandium) atom is surrounded by six scandium (sodium) atoms. A careful investigation of this phase based on ab initio calculations indicates that the structure is dynamically unstable and gives rise to an energe...

We consider general surface energies, which are weighted integrals over a closed surface with a weight function depending on the position, the unit normal and the total curvature of the surface. Energies of this form have applications in many areas, such as materials science, biology and image processing. Often one is interested in finding a surface that minimizes such an energy, which entails ...

Luı́s M. N. B. F. Santos,† José N. Canongia Lopes,*,‡,§ João A. P. Coutinho,¶ José M. S. S. Esperança,§ Lı́gia R. Gomes,# Isabel M. Marrucho,¶ and Luı́s P. N. Rebelo*,§ Centro de InVestigação em Quı́mica, Faculdade de Ciências, UniVersidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 687, 4169 007 Porto, Portugal, Centro de Quı́mica Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto de Tecn...

This paper explores the application of information design principles to label design for fish packaging, identifying energy implications for the product. This stage of the project has consisted of: A review and distillation of the relevant literature on information and label design; environmental and labelling standards; and literature on consumer reaction to the design and information content ...