Capsule endoscopy is widely accepted as the preferred diagnostic test in the evaluation of small bowel diseases, especially in the setting of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. It has revolutionized small bowel examination and has improved the detection of small bowel tumors. However, small bowel tumors are sometimes missed by capsule endoscopy. Furthermore, there are several recent reports com...

Endoscopy methods involve diagnostics as well as therapy. Endoscopic techniques have a small but definite incidence of complication, so endoscopy should not be performed routinely but only on the basis of indication. The typical endoscopic procedures used in diagnostics and therapy of liver cirrhosis are endoscopy of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Other techniques are less common. Sign...

gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) is the main known etiological factor for barrett’s esophagus (be), and be is the precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma. the prevalence of be is reported mostly from gastroenterology centers and there are only a few reported cases from outpatients with dyspepsia. a large number of patients with gerd have degrees of dyspepsia. this study primarily ai...

aim : this study reports the prevalence observed in minimal standard terminology (mst) writing in three hospital endoscopy centers in tehran. background : in 1991 european association decided to recognize the minimal essential terms for preparing the endoscopy reports using computer software. these activities have led to the arrangement of mst. patients and methods : the cross - sectional study...

The paper presents an overview of endoscopic capsules with particular emphasis on technical aspects. It indicates common problems in capsule endoscopy such as: (1) limited wireless communication (2) the use of capsule endoscopy in the case of partial patency of the gastrointestinal tract, (3) limited imaging area, (4) external capsule control limitations. It also presents the prospects of capsu...

background the anesthesia planning is an important and determining factor in the amount of intraoperative hemorrhage, which can affect the rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications. objectives in this study we used two different anesthesia techniques in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (fess) and compared the amount of hemorrhage in the two groups. patients and methods in a sing...

aim :  the aim of this study was to present the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with gastric polypoid lesions and to study the histopathologic features of these lesions. background : the frequency of gastric polyps is gradually increasing due to the widespread use of endoscopic examinations. patients and methods : clinical and endoscopic features of 100 gastric polyposis pa...

Endoscopy has a crucial role in the diagnosis, management, and surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It contributes in supporting the diagnosis of IBD with the clinical history, physical examination, laboratory findings, and targeted biopsies. Furthermore, endoscopy has a significant role in assessing disease activity and distribution in treatment efficacy evaluation, post-surgical ...

Complications related by upper endoscopy include bleeding, perforation and infections but they are rare on simply diagnostic endoscopy. Duodenal perforation is less common but mortality rates are high. Diagnosis is based on keeping high suspicion that makes early detection to offer optimal treatments and better outcomes. Surgical intervention is standard treatment but some cases could benefit f...