Introduction: Some evidence demonstrates endogenous inhibitory pathways of pain involved in the interphase (phase between early and later phase) of the formalin test. We previously showed that swimming stress modulates the pain-related behaviors during the interphase of the formalin test. In this study, we evaluated the role of the endogenous opioid system in modulating nociceptive responses of...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are very likely footprints of ancient germ-cell infections. HERV sequences encompass about 1% of the human genome. HERVs have retained the potential of other retroelements to retrotranspose and thus to change genomic structure and function. The genomes of almost all HERV families are highly defective. Recent progress has allowed the identification of the bi...

The bacterium Escherichia coli has been well-justified as an effective workhorse for industrial applications. In this study, we developed a toolkit flexible genome engineering of microorganism, including site-specific insertion heterologous genes and inactivation endogenous genes, such that bacterial hosts can be effectively engineered biomanufacturing. We first constructed base strain by genom...

hydrogen sulfide (h2s) has been shown to protect the gastric mucosa through several protective mechanisms but till now its effect on mrna expression of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (nbc1), trefoil factor1 (tff1) and trefoil factor2 (tff2) was not investigated. this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of h2s on mrna expression of nbc1, tff1 and tff2 in rat gastric mucosa in response to ...