The Neutral Theory Models describing the dynamics of genetic variants with no effect on fitness—so-called neutral models—have been around almost as long as the field of population genetics (Fisher 1922; Wright 1931). Decades after the first models were introduced Motoo Kimura gave a complete description of the dynamics of neutral mutations in finite populations, using mathematical tools borrowe...

Important special cases of strand symmetric Markov models are the groupbased phylogenetic models including the Jukes-Cantor model and the Kimura 2 and 3 parameter models. The general strand symmetric model or in this chapter just the strand symmetric model (SSM) has only these eight equalities of probabilities in the transition matrices and no further restriction on the transition probabilities...

An analysis of the Kimura 3ST model of DNA sequence evolution is given on the basis of its continuous Lie symmetries. The rate matrix commutes with a U(1)×U(1)×U(1) phase subgroup of the group GL(4) of 4× 4 invertible complex matrices acting on a linear space spanned by the 4 nucleic acid base letters. The diagonal ‘branching operator’ representing speciation is defined, and shown to intertwine...

We review recent advances in the understanding of the mutation-selection balance of asexual replicators. For over 30 years, population geneticists thought that an expression derived by Kimura and Maruyama in 1966 fully solved this problem. However, Kimura and Maruyama's result is only correct in the absence of neutral mutations. The inclusion of neutral mutations leads to a wealth of interestin...

ALHE: angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia KD: Kimura disease MMF: mycophenolate mofetil INTRODUCTION Kimura disease (KD) is a rare idiopathic condition that presents as solitary or multiple painless subcutaneous masses in the head and neck region. It may also involve extracutaneous sites, such as regional lymph nodes, major salivary glands, and the kidneys. Most cases reported occurred ...

The genus Berchemia comprises important Chinese plants with considerable medicinal value; however, these plants are often misidentified in the herbal medicinal market. To differentiate the various morphotypes of Berchemia species, a proficient method employing the screening of universal DNA barcodes was used in this work. Three candidate barcoding loci, namely, psbA-trnH, rbcL, and the second i...