Secure multicast communication is a significant requirement in emerging applications in adhoc environments like military or public emergency network applications. Membership dynamism is a major challenge in providing complete security in such networks. This paper proposes a efficient Group Based Multicast Hierarchy (GBMH) algorithm for secret multicast communication, in which source nodes used ...

OBJECTIVES To explore the employers' and promoters' perspective of health promotion quality according to the healthy workplace accreditation. METHODS We assessed the perspectives of 85 employers and 81 health promoters regarding the quality of health promotion at their workplaces. The method of measurement referenced the European Network for Workplace Health Promotion (ENWHP) quality criteria...

In this paper, we present our approach to introduce dynamism support to simulation environments, which adopts a Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS)-based modeling and simulation approach and builds upon previous work on Simulation Modeling Architecture (SiMA), a DEVS-based simulation framework developed at TUBITAK UEKAE. In the relevant literature there are already proposed solutions to ...

CONTEXT Employers have pursued many strategies over the years to control health care costs and improve care. Disappointed by efforts to manage costs through the use of insurance-related techniques (e.g., prior authorization, restricted provider networks), employers have also begun to try to manage health by addressing their employees' key lifestyle risks. Reducing obesity (along with tobacco us...

Pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) use a variety of pricing strategies. When employers have a thorough knowledge of those strategies, they can use them to their advantage to help manage pharmacy benefits. This article discusses PBM strategies in terms of what employers need to know, the questions employers need to ask and goals employers must keep in mind in order to secure the affordable cost an...

decline in business dynamism is evident in a pronounced declining trend in the pace of both gross job creation and gross job destruction. An important component of these declining trends has been the decline in the firm startup rate. The decline in the startup rate has yielded a significant decline in the share of employment accounted for by young firms – this share has declined by almost 30 pe...

Although most private health insurance in US is employment-based, little is known about how employers choose health plans for their employees. In this paper, I examine the relationship between employee preferences for health insurance and the health plans offered by employers. I find evidence that employee characteristics affect the generosity of the health plans offered by employers and the li...

Transition intermediaries are actors that support socio-technical transition processes by bridging structural deficiencies in a transitioning domain. Previous research has identified what roles perform and how. However, while domains definition state of change, the dynamics have hardly been studied. Therefore, we explore mechanisms driving change transition-supportive intermediaries, kind condi...