Indirect immunofluorescence using a-tubulin antibodies applied to sections of maize roots prepared using low melting point wax was found to give excellent visualisation of both cortical and endoplasmic microtubule (MT) arrays. This allows, for the first time, these arrays to be investigated in cells of the different tissues at various stages of their growth and development. Many cells in the zo...

Article history: Received: 4.7.2014. Received in revised form: 2.9.2014. Accepted: 3.9.2014. Surface compensation friction stir welding (SCFSW) is successfully applied to weld 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy in order to eliminate disadvantages caused by flash and arc corrugation. The effects of rotational velocity on the microstructures and mechanical properties of SCFSW joints are investigated. The jo...

The present study aims to investigate the effect of weld geometry and geometrical shape imperfections on mechanical behavior welded joints under different post-weld heat treatment conditions. Finite element analyses were performed using local properties laser beam AA2198 obtained from micro-flat tensile test specimens. finite results show that, for as-welded condition that maximum strain was ob...

Native bacteria, Pseudomonas and filamentous bacteria were quantified and localized on wheat roots grown in the field using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Seminal roots were sampled through the season from unploughed soil in a conservation farming system. Such soils are spatially heterogeneous, and many roots grow slowly through hard soil with cracks and pores containing dead roots ...

As soon as a seed germinates, plant growth relates to gravity to ensure that the root penetrates the soil and the shoot expands aerially. Whereas mechanisms of positive and negative orthogravitropism of primary roots and shoots are relatively well understood, lateral organs often show more complex growth behavior. Lateral roots (LRs) seemingly suppress positive gravitropic growth and show a def...

Seedlings of maize (Zea mays L. cv WF9 x Mo 17) growing at low water potentials in vermiculite contained greatly increased proline concentrations in the primary root growth zone. Proline levels were particularly high toward the apex, where elongation rates have been shown to be completely maintained over a wide range of water potentials. Proline concentration increased even in quite mild treatm...

A requirement for understanding morphogenesis is being able to quantify expansion at the cellular scale. Here, we present new software (RootflowRT) for measuring the expansion profile of a growing root at high spatial and temporal resolution. The software implements an image processing algorithm using a novel combination of optical flow methods for deformable motion. The algorithm operates on a...