Low bone-mineral density (BMD) is associated with menstrual dysfunction and negative energy balance in the female athlete triad. This study determines BMD in elite female endurance runners and the associations between BMD, menstrual status, disordered eating, and training volume. Forty-four elite endurance runners participated in the cross-sectional study, and 7 provided longitudinal data. Low ...

BACKGROUND There are controversial evidences on the effect of different types and workloads of physical exercise on primary hemostasis. In particular, little is known on the chronic influence of a strenuous and regular aerobic training regimen on platelet function. METHODS The aim of this investigation was to compare platelet function between sedentary controls and trained athletes at rest an...

Chocolate-flavoured cow’s milk has changed its image from a playful beverage for young children to a powerful post-workout beverage suitable for and helpful to elite athletes such as Ironman competitors. Elite athletes, as a respected hegemonic cultural class, have fuelled this shift in perception by endorsing chocolate milk consumption amongst both their own group and less elite athletes. This...

Background. Regardless of the age, elite athletes exhibit various motor capabilities (e.g., speed; endurance; strength) that are specific to that particular sport. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare different aspects of physical fitness (agility, strength, endurance) in thirty, 9 year old elite soccer and hockey players. Methods. Participants completed a 90 minute familiariz...

To advance our understanding of the hormonal contribution to athletic performance, we examined the temporal associations between individual changes in testosterone (T) and/or cortisol (C) concentrations, training motivation and physical performance in elite and non-elite trained men. Two male cohorts classified as elites (n = 12) and non-elites (n = 12) completed five testing sessions over a si...

The aims of this study were (i) to compare the chronotype distribution of elite athletes to a young adult population and (ii) to determine if there was a tendency for athletes to select and/or participate in sports which suited their chronotype. A total of 114 elite athletes from five sports (cricket, cycling, hockey, soccer and triathlon) participated in this study. The participants' chronotyp...

in hungary, ecg is a keystone of routine athletic screening. its significance is based on simplicity, quickness and high informative value as well as the fact that appearance of pathological ecg signs can precede the formation of structural heart diseases. during screening of healthy athletes, we studied the incidence of athletic ecg changes and pathological ecg abnormalities. methods: we pe...

Objectives: To examine the influence of perceptions of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance on athletes’ claimed situational self-handicaps in a competitive sport setting. Perceptions of a task involving climate and self-efficacy were expected to be negatively related and perceptions of an ego-involving climate to be positively related to situational self-handicappi...

OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction in the total population of Norwegian elite female athletes and national representative controls in the same age group. METHODS A detailed questionnaire that included questions on training and/or physical activity patterns, menstrual, dietary, and weight history, oral contraceptive use, and eating disorder inventory subtests was admi...