The aim of the present study was to investigate whether former female elite athletes are more likely to experience urinary incontinence (UI) later in life than non-athletes and to assess possible risk factors for UI in athletes. Three hundred and thirty-one former elite athletes (response rate 81%) and 640 controls replied to a postal questionnaire including validated questions on UI. While com...

Drawing on the literatures on elite transitions, factionalism and the new institutionalism, this paper hypothesizes that the stability of partially democratic and emerging democratic regimes is dependent on the willingness of elites to make credible commitments to cooperate and comply with democratic rules. That willingness (or lack thereof) can be signaled by the presence of cooperative or con...

Whether highly educated women are exiting the labor force to care for their children has generated a great deal of media attention, even though academic studies find little evidence of opting out. This paper shows that female graduates of elite institutions have lower labor market involvement than their counterparts from less selective institutions. Although elite graduates are more likely to e...

The aims of this study were to determine the rate, anatomical regions, onset, severity, and type of injury in the sport of calisthenics and compare injuries reported by elite and non-elite participants. Prospective reports of injuries were collected over a 12-month period from 550 elite and non-elite calisthenics participants. The participants recorded the number of training sessions, competiti...

AIMS To examine the relationship between athlete drinking motives and hazardous drinking across differing levels of sporting participation (club vs elite-provincial vs elite-international). METHODS Data from 1214 New Zealand sportspeople was collected. We assessed hazardous drinking with the WHO's AUDIT questionnaire and sportspeople's psychosocial reasons for drinking with the ADS. Level of ...

Elite controllers naturally suppress HIV viraemia below the level of detection using standard methods, but demonstrate persistent inflammation and low-level viraemia that is detectable via ultrasensitive assays. These factors may contribute to an increased risk of non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality among elite controllers. Data suggest that cardiovascular disease may be of particular conc...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate cardiac damage biomarkers after a triathlon race in elite and non-elite athlete groups. Fifteen healthy men participated in the study. Based on performance, they were divided into elite athlete group (EG: n=7) and non-elite athlete group (NEG: n=8). Participants' blood samples were obtained during four periods: before, immediately, 2 hours and...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical performance of the Glucometer Elite XL Diabetes Care System in neonatal settings using a multicenter study RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 388 blood specimens from 333 neonates were included in the study. A capillary or arterial sample was analyzed for determination of glucose with the Glucometer Elite XL system by an attending trained nurse. Through ...

The aim of this study was to identify the differences between the arithmetic means of angular displacement and angular velocity of the swing arm shoulder in the second double-support phase of sub-elite shot putters and the equivalent angular displacement and velocity of elite shot putters. The information resource was collected at international official competitions. The first sub-sample was co...

In many communities there is an elite, a relatively small group of participants that is well connected and highly influential. In order to understand the whole community and the underlying mechanisms it is hence very helpful to study the characteristics and the emergence of the elite. In the past it has been shown that various social networks exhibit surprisingly similar properties, like power ...