In our previous study, PevD1 was characterized as a novel protein elicitor produced by Verticillium dahliae inducing hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco plants; however, the detailed mechanisms of PevD1's elicitor activity remain unclear. In this study, five mutant fragments of PevD1 were generated by polymerase chain reaction-based mutagenesis and the...

Transient influx of Ca(2+) constitutes an early element of signaling cascades triggering pathogen defense responses in plant cells. Treatment with the Phytophthora sojae-derived oligopeptide elicitor, Pep-13, of parsley cells stably expressing apoaequorin revealed a rapid increase in cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca(2+)](cyt)), which peaked at approximately 1 microM and subsequently declined to su...

The regulation of an elicitor-inducible sesquiterpene cyclase in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspension cultures was investigated. Sesquiterpene cyclase activity was absent from control cell cultures but induced to a maximum within 15 hours of cellulase addition to the cell cultures. The induction of the cyclase activity was correlated with an absolute amount of the cyclase protein as meas...

Suspension cultured soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cells of four cultivars (Wilis, Lumut, Kalmit, Doko RC) were compared for their response to different fungal and bacterial elicitors. Cells were treated either with crude cell wall extracts of the fungal pathogens Phytophthora sojae (Pmg-elicitor) and Rhizoctonia solani (Riso-elicitor) or with two isolates of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomona...

flg22, a peptide corresponding to the most conserved domain of bacterial flagellin, acts as a potent elicitor in plants. Here, we have used an iodinated derivative of flg22 ((125)I-labeled Tyr-flg22) as a molecular probe for the flagellin receptor in tomato cells. This radioligand showed rapid binding to a single class of specific, saturable, high-affinity receptor sites in intact cells and mem...

Requirement Engineering process starts from gathering of requirements i.e.; requirements elicitation. Requirements elicitation (RE) is the base building block for a software project and has very high impact on subsequent design and builds phases as well. Accurately capturing system requirements is the major factor in the failure of most of software projects. Due to the criticality and impact of...

Otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests of the medial-olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) in humans were assessed for viability as clinical assays. Two reflection-source OAEs [TEOAEs: transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions evoked by a 47 dB sound pressure level (SPL) chirp; and discrete-tone SFOAEs: stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions evoked by 40 dB SPL tones, and assessed with a 60 dB SPL suppressor] w...

The accumulation of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin, glyceollin, occurs in hypocotyls of green soybean seedlings (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Harosoy 63) in response to the injection of a glucan elicitor isolated from the mycelial walls of the fungus, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. This accumulation, which levels off after 24 hours, is preceded by a dramatic, transient rise in extractable ac...

This chapter considers a situation in which the elicitor wants to discover the precise form of a function which characterizes a subject’s preferences or probabilistic beliefs. All of the "scoring-rule" elicitation procedures developed have a common structure: the subject’s expected utility depends on a function reported by the subject, and the elicitor uses the reported function to calculate th...

Mood state facilitates recall of affectively congruent memories (i.e., mood-congruent recall). Mood state may also promote motivation to alleviate a negative affective state, leading to retrieval of affectively incongruent memories (i.e., mood incongruent recall). The present study demonstrates that the focus of self-knowledge influences the occurrence of both mood-congruent recall and mood-inc...