The lattice regularization of the Higgs sector of the standard model is summarized. The triviality bound and vacuum instability bound are described. The question of chiral gauge theories is discussed. Some aspects of the numerical simulations of the electroweak phase transition are considered. 1. Lattice regularization of the Higgs sector The masses of the elementary particles in the standard m...

A natural gradual extension of the idea of Grand Unification is to attempt to relate the gauge and Yukawa couplings; Gauge-Yukawa Unification (GYU). However, within the framework of renormalizable field theories, there exists no realistic symmetry that leads to a GYU. Here we propose an approach to GYU which is based on the principle of the reduction of couplings and finiteness in supersymmetri...

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a general principle that constitutes the underlying concept of a vast number of physical phenomena ranging from ferromagnetism and superconductivity in condensed matter physics to the Higgs mechanism in the standard model of elementary particles. I focus on manifestations of spontaneously broken symmetries in systems that are not Lorentz invariant, which include...

We review the current status and prospects for the conformal invariant fourth order theory of gravity which has recently been advanced by Mannheim and Kazanas 1−9 as a candidate alternative to the standard second order Einstein theory. We examine how it is possible in principle to replace the Einstein theory at all while retaining its tested features, and we appeal to the wisdom gleaned from pa...

We outline an argument that a single-particle universe (a universe containing precisely one pointlike particle) can be described mathematically, in which observation can be considered meaningful despite the a priori impossibility of distinguishing between an observer and the observed. Moreover, we argue, such a universe can be observationally similar to the world we see around us. It is arguabl...

I review the construction of an action for open superstring field theory which does not suffer from the contact term problems of other approaches. I also discuss a possible generalization of this action for closed superstring field theory. (Talk presented at 32 Ahrenshoop International Symposium on Elementary Particle Theory in Buckow, Germany) 1 Problems with Conventional Approach The construc...

The universe is not to be narrowed down to the limits of the understanding, ··which has been men's practice up to no·w, but the understanding must be stretched and enlarged to take in the image of the universe as it is discovered. 1. In this issue, we wish to give a systematic survey of papers that have been published by Japanese physicists who adopted a new point of view toward the concept of ...

It is known that optical activities can perform rotations. It is shown that the rotation, if modulated by attenuations, can perform symmetry operations of Wigner’s little group which dictates the internal space-time symmetries of elementary particles.

We present the results of a Monte–Carlo simulation of the G (1) 2 Affine Toda field theory action in two dimensions. We measured the ratio of the masses of the two fundamental particles as a function of the coupling constant. Our results strongly support the conjectured duality with the D (3) 4 theory, and are consistent with the mass formula of Delius et al.

One of the challenges still pending in string theory and other particle physics related fields is the accurate prediction of the masses of the elementary particles defined in the standard model. In this paper an original algorithm to assign graphs to each of these particles is proposed. Based on this mapping, we demonstrate that certain indices associated with the topology of the graph (graph t...