a ETH Zurich, Institute for Building Materials, Computational Physics for Engineering 6 Materials, Schafmattstrasse 6, HIF E18, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 7 EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Wood 8 Laboratory, Group of Wood Protection and Biotechnology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St 9 Gallen, Switzerland 10 11 [email protected] 12 [email protected] 13 Ma...

Investigation of modern and fossil teeth from northern and central Kenya, using the ion microprobe, electron microprobe, and transmission electron microscope, confirms that fossil tooth chemistry is controlled not only by the diagenetic precipitation of secondary minerals but also by the chemical alteration of the biogenic apatite. Increases in the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Si, Al, Ba, and poss...

D. Schaub, A. K. Weiss, J. W. Kaiser, A. Petritoli, A. Richter, B. Buchmann, and J. P. Burrows Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate (ISAC-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, ...

Metal particles in Guarena (H6), Colby (L6) and St. Severin (LL6) were studied by optical microscopy and by electron microprobe analysis. Observations from successive polished sections through the metal particles show that kamacite and taenite grains, which often appear to be isolated particles, are connected directly or by intervening sulfides. Also tetrataenite rims are widest when adjacent t...

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study of tissue surrounding titanium alloy spinal implants was performed using histological and electron microprobe analysis. PURPOSE To identify the metal debris generated by spinal implants, and then to evaluate the electron microprobe analysis results and the histological response of soft tissue surrounding the spinal implants. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Microsco...

A re-examination of fourteen standards consisting of orthophosphates of the rare-earth elements, Sc and Y, grown at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the 1980s and widely distributed by the Smithsonian Institution’s Department of Mineral Sciences, reveals that some of the material is significantly contaminated by Pb. The origin of this impurity is the Pb2P2O7 flux that is derived from the therma...

Low uncertainty measurements on pure element stable isotope pairs demonstrate that mass has no influence on the backscattering of electrons at typical electron microprobe energies. The traditional prediction of average backscatter intensities in compounds using elemental mass fractions is improperly grounded in mass and thus has no physical basis. We propose an alternative model to mass fractio...