Introduction The art of supersonic beams has advanced since its early years [1–6], when simple cw sources were used. The main limitation on achieved beam intensity was set by the pumping capacity of the source chambermainly large diffusion pumps and Roots pumps (with capacities of 3.000-10.000 liter/second). It was realized that when the background pressure was too high in the source chamber, b...

A new design method internal model control is proposed for multivariable over-actuated processes that are often encountered in complicated industrial processes. Due to the matrix that is adopted to describe over-actuated system is not square, many classical multivariable control methods can be hardly applied in such system. In this paper, based on method of virtual outputs, a new internal model...

High speed and absence of a precise control over pressure distribution confine sheet Electromagnetic Forming into a die to simple shapes having shallow depth. It is possible to reach a higher depth by using a convex punch instead of a concave die. In this study, sheet Electromagnetic Forming on a punch and sheet Electromagnetic Forming into a die are investigated. The electromagnetic part of th...

The advancement of microminiaturization and technologies has motivated the search for a technique that will permit precision manipulation on the scale of micrometers. This paper presents the development of a three-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) micromotion in-parallel actuated manipulator. The micromotion manipulator, which has one translation and two orientation freedoms, is actuated by piezoelectri...

In this paper a new example of a hopping robot is considered, consisting simply of two links (the end of one link acts as the foot) joined by an actuated, revolute joint. For the stance phase a nonlinear controller is derived that maintains the balance o f t h e robot and periodically accelerates the center of mass vertically. For large enough oscillations the robot can slide or take off. If fl...

background: in psychological studies, exposure to electromagnetic field is one of the hazardous factors, which has adverse effects on mental health. exposure to electromagnetic field due to daily use of electricity makes this study so important. the goal of this study was to determine the relationship between psychological symptoms and occupational exposure to electromagnetic field among worker...

We consider in this paper the design and implementation of a dual-stage actuated hard disk drive (HDD) servo system, in which an additional piezoelectric actuator is mounted on top of the conventional voice-coil-motor (VCM) actuator to provide a faster and finer response. More specifically, the dual-stage actuated HDD servo system consists of a primary VCM actuator and a secondary suspension pi...

The main contribution of this paper is the development of a linearized model for describing the dynamic hysteresis behaviors of piezoelectrically actuated fast tool servo (FTS). A linearized hysteresis force model is proposed and mathematically described by a fractional order differential equation. Combining the dynamic modeling of the FTS mechanism, a linearized fractional order dynamic hyster...

An under-actuated robot mlllipulator is a serial mechanism, in which the number of p i n t s is greater than the number of actuators. Making use of the dynamic interaction between the passive joiats and actuated joints, the robot can provide dairable motion and f o r c a dynamically. In comparison to a fully actuated robot, the mndu-actuated system will be more compact in size and lomr weighted...