INTRODUCTION A balanced volume replacement strategy is a well established concept for correcting hypovolemia using plasma adapted isotonic crystalloid solutions with a physiological electrolyte pattern and acetate as bicarbonate precursor. Recently, third-generation hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has also become available in a balanced electrolyte solution instead of normal saline. Therefore, in thi...

A porous nanocomposite based on polypyrrole (PPy) and sodium alginate (SA) has been synthesized by easy, inexpensive, eco-friendly method. As prepared nanocomposite showed fibrillar morphology in transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. The average diameter of ~100 nm for the nanofibers was observed from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. As prepared nanofiber, was investiga...

Cellulose fibers with porous structure and electrolyte absorption properties are considered to be a good potential substrate for the deposition of energy material for energy storage devices. Unlike traditional substrates, such as gold or stainless steel, paper prepared from cellulose fibers in this study not only functions as a substrate with large surface area but also acts as an interior elec...

Whenever a spatially inhomogeneous electrolyte, composed of ions with different mobilities, is allowed to diffuse, charge separation and an electric potential difference is created. Such potential differences across very thin membranes (e.g. biomembranes) are often interpreted using the steady state Goldman equation, which is usually derived by assuming a spatially constant electric field. Thro...

Atmospheric corrosion occurs under alternate cycles in presence and absence of an electrolyte layer, the severity of corrosion processes that occur onto the metallic surface depends largely on the corrosive environment to which the material is exposed. Whereas the corrosive phenomena occur in the presence of the electrolyte, in this work the effect of the depth of the solution layer on the elec...

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance. Twenty-two professional male soccer players volunteered to participate in the study. The players were allocated to two assigned trials ingesting carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (7% carbohydrates, sodium 24 mmol.l-1, chloride 12 mmol.l-1, potassium 3 mmol.l-1) or placebo ...

In order to keep abreast with the rapid development of portable electronic equipment, improving the performance of polymer electrolytes has therefore become our goal of research. This work improved performance of Li-ion polymer batteries through advanced gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Comparing with liquid type Electrolyte, Gel type Polymer Electrolyte (GPE) had the advantage of a wide variet...

Titanium is a highly reactive metal so that a thin layer of oxide forms on its surface whenever exposed to the air or other environments containing oxygen. This layer increases the corrosion resistance of titanium. The oxide film is electrochemically formed through anodizing. In this study, anodizing of titanium was performed in phosphate-base solutions such as H3Po4, NaH2Po4, and Na2Hpo4 at 9....