Electric Power Steering (EPS) is a full electric system which reduces the amount of steering effort by directly applying the output from an electric motor to the steering system and has attracted much attention for their advantages. Controller design and software development of EPS is one of the key technologies that are critical to the system’s design. The constitutions and its operational mec...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles HIGHLIGHTS PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS – A hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle equipped with either an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electrical motor powered by electrical batteries. In 1997, Toyota sold in Japan the first modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius. Today’s HEVs are an emerging technology in the automotive market, with manufacture...

In this paper an optimal method based on fuzzy logic for controlling parallel hybrid electric vehicles is presented. In parallel hybrid electric vehicles the required torque for deriving and operating the on-board accessories is generated by a combination of internal-combustion engine and an electric motor. The power sharing between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor is the k...

Thanks to the development of electric motors and batteries, the performance of EV is greatly improved in the past few years. The most distinct advantage of an EV is the quick and precise torque response of the electric motors. A further merit of a 4 in-wheel-motor drived electric vehicle (4WD EV) is that, the driving/braking torque of each wheel is independently adjustable due to small but powe...

Electric motors have achieved very high efficiency and reliability; and in some cases, very high specific power. As the energy storage capabilities of batteries and fuel cells advance, these technologies are increasingly being considered for aircraft primary propulsion. In order to design electric aircraft, aircraft designers must be able to understand and model the performance characteristics ...

Maxwell pressure is the cause of stator deflection at the origin of acoustic noise radiated by stator. That is why precise determination of air-gap radial flux density Bg is of prime importance. It could be obtained by finite element method, semi numerical or totally analytic method with computation of magneto motive force and permeance. Slot number, pole pair number and PWM affecting acoustic ...

This paper deals with the potentials of a Hybrid-Excitation Permanent-Magnet (HEPM) machine. The HEPM machine is characterized by rotor including both permanent magnets (PMs) and excitation coils. PMs produce constant flux at air gap machine, while an current supplied so as to regulate such flux. A increase could be necessary during transient overload operations, decrease useful Flux-Weakening ...