I read with great interest the article by Job van der Palen et al. [1]. The article describes the comparison of a new single-dose dry powder inhaler, Elpenhaler (EH) (Elpen Pahrmaceutical Co., Inc., Greece) versus the established dry powder inhaler, Accuhaler/Diskus (DK) (GlaxoSmithKline, UK) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The basic conclusion of the a...

Objectives: There are 3 subtypes of natriuretic peptide (NP) receptors: type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRA), NPRB, and NPRC. The NPRA gene polymorphism, consisting of substition of methionine (ATG) to isoleucine (ATC) at nucleotide 1023 (M341I) of exon 3 was revealed to be associated with increased risk for essential hypertension (EH) in Japanese people. The purpose of this study is to i...

Extracellular fluid volume (ECF), plasma volume (PV), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), efferent arteriolar oncotic pressure (pi E), sodium output (UNaV), and sodium clearance (CNa) were determined in 150 men including 50 normal controls (NC) and 100 sustained essential hypertensive patients (EH). Total effective vascular compliance (TEVC) and central venous pressure (C...

The dependency of arteriolar tone on calcium influx was studied in 11 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and compared to 11 age-matched normotensive subjects (NT) by measuring the forearm blood flow response to intraarterial infusion of the calcium channel blocker verapamil (Verap) and the non-specific vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (Nip) using venous occlusion plethysmography. Verap i...

We explored the interaction of 6 candidate genetic mutations in essential hypertension (EH). The mutations AGT M235T, ACE I/D, eNOS Glu298Asp, ET-2 A985G, ANP T2238C, and NPRC A-55C were detected using a genechip microarray in 100 patients with EH and 97 controls from the Han population living in the Yunnan Province of China. Risks of EH were evaluated with respect to a combination of these gen...

BACKGROUND Erythrocyte morphology has already been studied in essential hypertension (EH) and cell membrane alterations have been observed. Relationships among red cell rheological, biochemical, and morphological properties still appear complex and are not clearly understood. METHODS Erythrocyte morphology study was carried out by using the novel automated method we have recently developed. T...

Light signals can entrain circadian clocks, but they can also mask aspects of the circadian output. We have analyzed the masking effects of a lights-on (LOn) signal on Drosophila eclosion. The LOn response results in 12-21% of the flies that emerge on a given day eclosing within 10 min of the LOn signal. Flies that lack the neuropeptide eclosion hormone (EH), or in which its release is inhibite...

Essential hypertension (EH) is a complex, polygenic condition with no single causative agent. Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of EH, hypertension remains one of the world's leading public health problems. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic modifications are as important as genetic predisposition in the development of EH. Indeed, a complex and ...

The exchanged hypercube EH(s, t), proposed by Loh et al. [The exchanged hypercube, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 16 (9) (2005) 866-874], is obtained by removing edges from a hypercube Qs+t+1. This paper considers a kind of generalized measures κ(h) and λ(h) of fault tolerance in EH(s, t) with 1 6 s 6 t and determines κ(h)(EH(s, t)) = λ(h)(EH(s, t)) = 2(s+ 1− h) for any h...

especially in the presence of atypia, has a strong tendency to the development of endo-metrial carcinoma. In this respect, hysterectomy is a preferred treatment for atypical EH. However, for young patient who desire to preserve their fertility or for patients not selected for surgery, conservative treatments using progestin are widely accepted as a treatment option [1]. Oral use of progestin, s...