EGP and IGP are the key components of the present internet infrastructure. Routers in a domain forward IP packet within and between domains. Each domain uses an intra-domain routing protocol known as Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) like IS-IS, OSPF, RIP etc to populate the routing tables of its routers. Routing information must also be exchanged between domains to ensure that a host in one doma...

Fasting hyperglycemia occurs when an excessive rate of endogenous glucose production (EGP) is not accompanied by an adequate compensatory increase in the rate of glucose disappearance (Rd). The situation following food ingestion is more complex as the amount of glucose that reaches the circulation for disposal is a function of the systemic rate of appearance of the ingested glucose (referred to...

In cooperatively breeding species, subordinates typically suffer strong constraints on within-group reproduction. While numerous studies have highlighted the additional fitness benefits that subordinates might accrue through helping, few have considered the possibility that subordinates may also seek extra-group matings to improve their chances of actually breeding. Here, we show that subordina...

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis of the activation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) in situations where the liver is supposed to sustain high glucose supply, such as during the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia was induced by insulin infusion in anesthetized rats. Despite hyperinsulinemia, endogenous glucose production (EGP), assessed by [3-(3)H]glucose ...

Job shop scheduling (JSS) problems are optimisation problems that have been studied extensively due to their computational complexity and application in manufacturing systems. This paper focuses on a dynamic JSS problem to minimise the total weighted tardiness. In dynamic JSS, jobs’ attributes are only revealed after they arrive at the shop floor. Dispatching rule heuristics are prominent appro...

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes is also associated with low-grade inflammation and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. TNF-α has been shown to impair peripheral insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo. However, it is unclear whether TNF-α may also affect endogenous glucose production (EGP) d...

We study Web sessions clustering in order to find groups of similar sessions and discover user access patterns on a Web site. We extend the general page concept presented in (Fu, Sandhu and Shih 2000) by including partial document names and dynamic pages, and use an extended general page (EGP) to represent many individual page URLs sharing the same EGP. We present two extensions of a hierarchic...

To investigate the role of β-adrenergic mechanisms in the counterregulatory response of the liver and kidney to hypoglycemia, we studied 10 dogs before and after a 2-h constant infusion of insulin (4 mU ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) either without ( n = 4) or with (8 μg/min, n = 6) propranolol and variable dextrose to maintain hypoglycemia, 7 days after surgical placement of sampling catheters in left renal ...

Long-term reduced hypothalamic estrogen signaling leads to increased food intake and decreased locomotor activity and energy expenditure, and ultimately results in obesity and insulin resistance. In the current study, we aimed to determine the acute obesity-independent effects of hypothalamic estrogen signaling on glucose metabolism. We studied endogenous glucose production (EGP) and insulin se...

In the present study the hypothesis tested was that prior exercise may blunt counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia. Healthy subjects [15 females (f)/15 males (m), age 27 +/- 1 yr, body mass index 22 +/- 1 kg/m(2), hemoglobin A(Ic) 5.6 +/- 0.5%] were studied during 2-day experiments. Day 1 involved either 90-min morning and afternoon cycle exercise at 50% maximal O2 uptake (VO2(...