Motivation plays a vital role in foreign language learning as it leads to deep, goal-oriented and persistent learning. A number of variables are associated with motivation, among which five factors viz., Teacher, Teaching Methodology, Text, Task Test. These classroom-specific can be adjustable for enhancing student motivation. This paper investigates EFL students’ perception these that influenc...

Burnout has been a major concern in the educational settings and it is worth exploring it among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students and finding its relationship with other factors, such as emotional intelligence (EI), which may help reduce burnout sources. In this light, this study was designed to a) explore Iranian EFL students’ burnout and EI profiles; b) investigate the relationship...

To obtain insight into the role of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (Rb; also known as Rb1) in apoptosis, we analyzed Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking a functional lin-35 RB gene. We found that the loss of lin-35 function results in a decrease in constitutive germ cell apoptosis. We present evidence that lin-35 promotes germ cell apoptosis by repressing the expression of ced-9, an a...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and expiratory flow limitation (EFL) are physiologically linked and seem to be involved in the genesis of dyspnea and the quality of life (QL) impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Advanced COPD patients often show expiratory muscles dysfunction that could be involved in DH development. AIM Study the relationships bet...

this study investigated 1) whether the effect of teacher-developed graphic organizers vis-à-vis student-developed ones was more significant on improving intermediate efl learners’ writing, and 2)whether the use of both graphic organizers had any impact on their writing. the participants were selectedin two stages: 130 students sat for a piloted proficiency test. those who scored above half ofth...

this study investigated the characteristics of effective secondary school iranian efl teachers from students’ and teachers’ perspectives. to this end, 376 junior secondary school students and 32 efl teachers teaching at various iranian secondary schools participated in the study. a validated open-ended questionnaire was distributed among the student and teacher participants and asked for their ...

Contrastive rhetoric examines differences and similarities in writing across cultures. Although mainly concerned with student essay writing in its Ž rst 30 years, the area of study today contributes to knowledge about preferred patterns of writing in many English for speciŽ c purposes situations. This article discusses some of the new directions contrastive rhetoric has taken. Following a brief...