Active efflux confers intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , including old disused molecules. Beside resistance, intracellular survival is another reason for failure eradicate bacteria with antibiotics.

Racial differences in erythrocyte potassium effluxes mediated by two loop-diuretic sensitive modes of cotransport were compared. In red cells loaded to contain approximately equimolar amounts of sodium and potassium, black subjects had lower bumetanide-sensitive sodium-dependent net potassium effluxes as compared to whites. In fresh, washed erythrocytes pretreated with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), m...

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be due to efflux pump overexpression and/or target mutations. We designed this study to investigate the efflux pump mediated fluoroquinolone resistance and check the increasing effectiveness of fluoroquinolones in combination with an efflux pumps inhibitor among P. aeruginosa isolates from burn wounds infections. MATERIALS AN...

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein whose expression is markedly up-regulated during inflammation and infection. The physiological function of SAA is unclear. In this study, we reported that SAA promotes cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by scavenger receptor B-I (SR-BI). In Chinese hamster ovary cells, SAA promoted cellular cholesterol efflux in an SR-BI-dependent manner, wherea...

Ezetimibe inhibits Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), an apical membrane cholesterol transporter of enterocytes, thereby reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption. This treatment also increases extrahepatic reverse cholesterol transport via an undefined mechanism. To explore this, we employed a trans-intestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE) assay, which directly detects circulation-to-intestinal lume...

Human Hedgehog receptor Patched1 is able to efflux chemotherapeutics of different chemical structure out cancer cells thus contributing multidrug resistance phenomena in tumor treatment.

Applying digestate, the residue from anaerobic digestion, to soil as a replacement for inorganic fertiliser is of growing interest in agriculture. However, impacts different fractions digestate on carbon (C) cycle remain unclear and provide focus research reported here. We examined effects applying whole (WD) solid (SD) dioxide (CO2C) efflux, concentrations dissolved organic (DOC), microbial b...

The Na/K pump in human red blood cells that normally exchanges 3 Nai for 2 Ko is known to continue to transport Na in a ouabain-sensitive and ATP-dependent manner when the medium is made free of both Nao and Ko. Although this Na efflux is called "uncoupled" because of removal of ions to exchange with, the efflux has been shown to be comprised of a coefflux with cellular anions. The work describ...

A novel drug efflux gene (named sepA, staphylococcal efflux pump gene) is cloned from antiseptic-resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus into Escherichia coli. The sepA gene conferred the reduction of susceptibility to acriflavine and the acceleration of ethidium bromide efflux from the E. coli cells. The sepA (474 bp) encoded the protein that has four predicted transmembrane segments. These...