Traditional two-stage stochastic programming is risk-neutral; that is, it considers the expectation as the preference criterion while comparing the random variables (e.g., total cost) to identify the best decisions. However, in the presence of variability risk measures should be incorporated into decision making problems in order to model its effects. In this study, we consider a risk-averse tw...

Type extension is a language facility proposed by N. Wirth and included in the programming language Oberon. The facility allows a type to be created based on another type while maintaining a hierarchic type relationship. This paper gives an introduction to the type extension facility as it is implemented in Oberon and shows how it can be general ised to allow a non-l inear type hierarchy to be ...

Computing the exact ideal and nadir criterion values is a very ‎important subject in ‎multi-‎objective linear programming (MOLP) ‎problems‎‎. In fact‎, ‎these values define the ideal and nadir points as lower and ‎upper bounds on the nondominated points‎. ‎Whereas determining the ‎ideal point is an easy work‎, ‎because it is equivalent to optimize a ‎convex function (linear function) over a con...

BACKGROUND: Neuro-hormonal and hemostatic mechanisms are important in a wide range of psychological and cardiovascular diseases. The use of psychoactive drugs in mental illnesses is often involved with hematologic side effects including impaired platelet function. Subsequently, the risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases may be higher in these patients. Interestingly, platelets that...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nimodipine, a calcium antagonist, has been reported to have beneficial effects in acute ischemic infarction. Some calcium channel antagonists have antiplatelet effects. We investigated the effect of oral nimodipine on platelet function in healthy volunteers. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers (6 men and 6 women, mean age 32.9 +/- 5.6 years) took 30 mg nimodipine every 6 ...

The vehicle routing and facility location fields are well-developed areas in management science and operations research application. There is an increasing recognition that effective decision-making in these fields requires the adoption of optimization software that can be embedded into a decision support system. In this paper, we describe the implementation details of our software components f...

In this paper, bi-level programming is proposed for designing a competitive supply chain network. A two-stage stochastic programming approach has been developed for a multi-product supply chain comprising a capacitated supplier, several distribution centers, retailers and some resellers in the market. The proposed model considers demand’s uncertainty and disruption in distribution centers and t...

Nowadays, customer expectations are increasing and organizations are prone to operate in an uncertain environment. Under this uncertain environment, the ultimate success of the firm depends on its ability to integrate business processes among supply chain partners. Supply chain management emphasizes cross-functional links to improve the competitive strategy of organizations. Now, companies are ...

Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressor used in organ transplants and autoimmune diseases, is associated with adverse effects in the kidney, liver, and nervous system. This drug was recently shown to stimulate platelet aggregation, to increase thromboxane synthesis, and to decrease vascular prostacyclin synthesis. In experimental cholestasis, thrombocyte function is altered. The present ...

the objective of this study was to determine the optimum replacement strategy using dynamic programming for dairy herds in fars province. a dairy cow is kept several lactations for milk production in the herd. after spending several lactations, milk production gradually begins to decline, while animal health problems rises simultaneously. so one of the most important management decisions of dai...