In this paper we report simulation studies of equilibrium features, namely, circular islands on model surfaces, using Monte Carlo methods. In particular, we are interested in studying the relationship between the density of vapor around a curved island and its curvature. The ‘‘classical’’ form of this relationship is the Gibbs-Thomson formula, which assumes that the vapor surrounding the island...

In this research paper, we present a novel frame work for handling $m$-polar information by combining the theory of $m-$polar fuzzy  sets with graphs. We introduce certain types of edge regular $m-$polar fuzzy graphs and edge irregular $m-$polar fuzzy graphs. We describe some useful properties of edge regular, strongly edge irregular and strongly edge totally irregular $m-$polar fuzzy graphs. W...

in this paper, we introduce a new generalization of weakly prime ideals called $i$-prime. suppose $r$ is a commutative ring with identity and $i$ a fixed ideal of $r$. a proper ideal $p$ of $r$ is $i$-prime if for $a, b in r$ with $ab in p-ip$ implies either $a in p$ or $b in p$. we give some characterizations of $i$-prime ideals and study some of its properties.  moreover, we give conditions  ...

For P a poset or lattice, let Id(P ) denote the poset, respectively, lattice, of upward directed downsets in P, including the empty set, and let id(P ) = Id(P )−{∅}. This note obtains various results to the effect that Id(P ) is always, and id(P ) often, “essentially larger” than P. In the first vein, we find that a poset P admits no <-respecting map (and so in particular, no one-to-one isotone...

This paper shows that any compactly generated lattice is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible lattices which are complete and upper continuous. An example of a compactly generated lattice which cannot be subdirectly decomposed into subdirectly irreducible compactly generated lattices is given. In the case of an ideal lattice of a lattice L, the decomposition into subdirectly irreducib...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the degree to which the height, width, and cross-section of rectangular and square orthodontic archwires affect the play between the archwires and the bracket slot. MATERIALS AND METHODS The stated measurements (height and width) of 43 archwires from six different manufacturers were compared with real values obtained using a digital gauge. The curvature (radius) of the e...

In this paper, we provide a simple proof for the fact that two simplicial complexes are isomorphic if and only if their associated Stanley-Reisner rings, or their associated facet rings are isomorphic as K-algebras. As a consequence, we show that two graphs are isomorphic if and only if their associated edge rings are isomorphic as K-algebras. Based on an explicit K-algebra isomorphism of two S...

A simple model of axisymmetric vertical disruption events VDEs in tokamaks is presented in which the halo current force exerted on the vacuum vessel is calculated directly from linear, marginally stable, ideal-magnetohydrodynamical MHD stability analysis. The basic premise of the model is that the halo current force modifies pressure balance at the edge of the plasma, and therefore also modifie...

Let $kgeq 1$ be an integer, and $G=(V,E)$ be a finite and simplegraph. The closed neighborhood $N_G[e]$ of an edge $e$ in a graph$G$ is the set consisting of $e$ and all edges having a commonend-vertex with $e$. A signed Roman edge $k$-dominating function(SREkDF) on a graph $G$ is a function $f:E rightarrow{-1,1,2}$ satisfying the conditions that (i) for every edge $e$of $G$, $sum _{xin N[e]} f...