The rapid growth in broadband services is increasing the demand for high-speed optical communication systems. However, as the data rate increases, transmission impairments such as chromatic dispersion (CD) become prominent and require careful compensation. In addition, it is proposed that the next-generation optical networks will be intelligent and adaptive with impairment compensation that can...

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Esophageal duplication cysts (EDCs) are congenital malformations of the posterior primitive foregut and often within the thoracic esophagus. Here we describe a rare case of intra-abdominal EDC near spleen in a 20-year-old female patient with a complaint of an asymptomatic abdominal mass for 5 years. The diagnosis of intra-abdominal EDC was confirmed by the Ultrasonography (US) and Magnetic reso...

Methane production in peatlands is controlled by the availability of electron acceptors for microbial respiration, including peat dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate (POM). Despite much larger mass POM peat, knowledge on ranges its transfer capacities—electron accepting capacity (EAC), donating (EDC)—is scarce comparison to DOM humic fulvic acids. Moreover, it unclear how chemistry d...

Possible faults existing in electronic diesel fuel injection control (EDC) systems include rack deformation, solenoid valve failure, and rack-travel sensor malfunction. Among these problems, the solenoid failure is the most likely to occur for in-use diesel engines. This paper focuses on developing the algorithm that can clearly classify the usability of a solenoid valve without disassembling t...

Background ICR-CTSU introduced EDC in 2012; this necessitated a revision of the systems and processes implemented for paper CRFs. Traditionally sites manually completed, signed and posted CRFs to ICR-CTSU. Once received, CRFs were tracked and transcribed onto the study database by a member of the ICR-CTSU trial team. Databases contained multiple complex validations to aid central data managemen...

Surface modification is the process of altering physical or chemical characteristics work-piece surface. In this paper, various surface techniques have been discussed. One most appropriate technique electrical discharge coating (EDC), in which hard material made to deposit onto a state reverse polarity condition. Different mechanisms carrying out EDC are presented. Deliberate transfer takes pla...

A three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for the simulation of flow, temperature and concentration fields in the radiation section of industrial scale steam cracking units. The model takes into account turbulence–chemistry interactions through the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model and makes use of Detailed Reaction Kinetics (DRK), which allows the detailed investigation of t...

During the educational dissection of a 72-year-old Chinese male cadaver, bilateral extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) muscles were observed. The left EDBM muscle originated from the joint capsule ligament, running across the second dorsal interosseous muscle as double tendons (EDBM ulnar tendon and EDBM radial tendon) on the ulnar side of extensor digitorum communis (EDC)-index finger. The ...