Development of the metanephric kidney involves the establishment of discrete zones of induction and differentiation that are crucial to the future radial patterning of the organ. Genetic deletion of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxd1, results in striking renal abnormalities, including the loss of these discrete zones and pelvic fused kidneys. We have investigated the molecular and cellula...

BACKGROUND Endometriosis affects 6-10% of women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and infertility. Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly attached to the pelvic peritoneum. The endometrium in women with endometriosis is reported to be altered and there is increasing evidence that t...

Introduction: We aim to report, from three observations, the diagnostic difficulties and complications, and ensure the management of pelvic kidney in women at childbearing age in the Urology Department of the National General Referral Hospital of N’Djamena. Pelvic kidney is due to an abnormality of the migration that can be associated or not with a malrotation. Its symptomatology is not specifi...

The term ectopic pregnancy refers to a gestation in which the fertilized ovum implants on any tissue other than the endometrial membrane lining the uterine cavity. Fig 1 presents the various types of ectopic pregnancy and their relative frequencies The classic clinical symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are pelvic pain, amenorrhea, and vaginal bleeding , spotting (40-50%). However, only 50% of patie...

The most common site of localisation of an ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube. Rarely an ectopic pregnancy can be found in the ovary, a caesarean section scar, the abdomen or the cervix. Risk factors are previous ectopic pregnancy, PID, endometriosis, previous pelvic surgery, the presence of a coil and infertility. However, a third of women with an ectopic pregnancy have no known risk fact...

Five hundred and nine Laparoscopic examinations performed between 1987-91, (147 procedures for evaluation of gynaecologic pelvic pain and 313 for infertility) revealed ectopic pregnancy (27%), twisted ovarian cyst (18%) and acute pelvic inflammatory disease (14%) in cases of acute gynaecologic pain, and endometriosis (17%) and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (16%) in chronic pelvic pain. Ad...

Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan was performed on a 32-year-old woman with 
 abdominal pain. A normal functioning slightly ptotic right kidney seen planar images. There no activity in the left renal region and small fusiform pelvic area. Pelvic computed tomography (CT) axial images revealed pre-vesical abscess pushing bladder posteriorly to side. On obtained after percuta...

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a implanted outside of the endometrial cavity and one leading causes maternal morbidity mortality during first trimester. There are several risk factors ectopic have been described especially following ART. However, prevalence varied slightly higher in pregnancies Several mechanisms EP Serial serum beta hCG pelvic sonographic screening facilitates early diag...