The article is an effort to analyse one particular policy-making process. The case deals with the policy of strengthening political participation in Finland. The data is based on two recent policy programs on developing democracy, the first between the years 1997-2002 and the second between 2003 and 2007. The data consists of policy documents, reports, and the parliamentary documents connected ...

Federated learning (FL) represents a new machine paradigm, utilizing various resources from participants to collaboratively train global model without exposing the privacy of training data. The performance critically depends on provided by and their active participation. Hence, it is essential enable more actively contribute valuable in FL. In this article, we present survey incentive mechanism...