beneficial for moderate CKD. Of note, several other studies found advantage of calcium-free binders over calciumcontaining binders in suppressing vascular calcification and all-cause mortality in dialysis patients as well as stage 3-4 non-dialysis CKD patients.8-13 This may be because calciumcontaining binders cause calcium overload, which may contribute to vascular calcification. In fact, Hill...

The U.S. airline industry went through tremendous turmoil in the early 2000’s. There were four major bankruptcies and two major mergers, with all legacy carriers reporting a large profit reduction. This paper presents a structural model of the airline industry, and estimates the impact of demand and supply changes on profitability. We find that, compared with the late 1990s, in 2006, a) air-tra...

Open a book — any book —on the economics of developing countries, and it will begin with the usual litany of woes. Developing countries, notwithstanding the enormous strides they have made in the last few decades, display fundamental economic inadequacies in a wide range of indicators. Levels of physical capital per person are small. Nutrition levels are low. Other indicators of human capital s...

This study reviews and synthesizes the difficult status of investigating real estate in China. Previous studies have included different aspects factors that contribute to China's woes, including epidemic effects, market policy many other aspects. And each factor has played an important role influencing current predicament Chinese estate. paper evaluates impact, work together cause dilemma. The ...

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has caused continuous turmoil in the international energy market, global supply map is facing reconstruction, transformation substitution process also challenges. Europe's woes make securing independence a priority for more countries. As significant consumer, China urgently needs to comprehensively assess impact of Russian-Ukrainian on trade, strengthen e...

One of the basic assumptions of the early mathematical theory of financial markets is the absence of friction and consequently, the fact that securities have one price (law of one price), and that they can be sold and bought at this price in any desired quantity. This form of infinite liquidity implies that the sizes and the frequencies of the transactions have no impact on the prices at which ...