A commonly alleged pitfall of decentralization is that poverty, socio-economic inequality and lack of political competition allow local elites to capture local governments. This hypothesis is empirically examined using a longitudinal sample of 89 West Bengal villages concerning targeting of credit, agricultural input kits, employment programs and fiscal grants spanning the period 1978–98. Highe...

To extract revenue from its colony, the British implemented two major land tax systems and fundamentally altered the nature of existing property rights in India. In some regions, property rights and taxes were assigned to zamindars or landlords whereas in others they were assigned to ryotwars or cultivators. Because a few elites were able to accumulate significant economic and political power i...

Human capitals are part of a country’s wealth, and proper functioning of the society depends on the creativity of its elites and Human nature. Nowadays, managing the Elites and preventing their immigration has become one of the difficult issues faced by many organizations. In this research, a lot of effort has been put into finding out the typology of the behavior patterns of the elite using th...

Abstract Rural areas are at the forefront of achieving sustainable development goals, and elite actors tend to be most influential local decision-makers in rural development. Nevertheless, improving effectiveness governance by elites avoiding or redressing “elite capture” remain key challenges for globally. This research integrates a large-scale quantitative dataset consisting 604 villages seve...

tv broadcasting right is one of the main sources of financial income for football clubs in the world. however, this right has not been legalized in iran yet and has caused many serious problems for iranian football clubs. the aim of this study was to investigate legal gaps and obstacles and to provide strategies to improve the relationships between football clubs and islamic republic of iran br...

The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented diffusion of network technologies into developing countries. The technological discourse attending this diffusion has presented the new media as a utopian, egalitarian and empowering tool with the potential of ushering in a new era of development, democracy, and positive cultural change. This paper examines the economic, cultural, and political eff...

Under socialism it was neither possible nor necessary to accumulate significant levels of personal wealth. The acceleration of economic reform in the last decade has brought dramatic increases in income and investment opportunities. At the same time, it has also reduced social protections provided by the state welfare system. As a response to these changes urban average household net total weal...

There are widespread concerns that current trends in resource-use are unsustainable, but possibilities of overshoot/collapse remain controversial. Collapses have occurred frequently in history, often followed by centuries of economic, intellectual, and population decline. Many different natural and social phenomena have been invoked to explain specific collapses, but a general explanation remai...

In the 1960s the isolated tropical forest enclave of Quintana Roo was targeted by the Mexican Government to serve as the cornerstone for launching what is now considered to be one of Mexico’s most successful economic development strategies – Planned Tourism Development (PTD). This paper commences with a brief review of the role of state-driven PTD in Mexico’s national economic development agend...

OZP – Austrian Journal of Political Science I ISSN 2313-5433 I http://oezp.at/ Vol. 45, issue 3 I DOI 10.15203/ozp.1371.vol45iss3 Abstract Austrian political actors have improved the protection of outsiders by expanding the coverage of labour rights, social security, and active labour market policy spending in the past two decades. The article attributes these ‘solidaristic’ traits of Austrian ...