T here is always uncertainty about the soundness of an economic model’s structure and parameters. Therefore, central banks normally face with uncertainty about the key economic explanatory relationships. So, policymaker should take into account the uncertainty in formulating monetary policies. The present study is aimed to examine robust optimal monetary policy under uncertainty, by ...

In this article, we propose an original method for providing fault tolerance in multi-agent systems through replication. Our method focuses on building an automatic, adaptive and predictive replication policy to solve the resource allocation problem of determining where agents must be replicated to minimize the impact of failures. This policy is determined by taking into account the criticality...

There is growing interest in the development of regional innovation systems (RISs) and the involvement of higher education institutions. In Thailand, RISs are being widely promoted; it is assumed that the knowledge economy will be built not only at the national but also at sub-national levels. This idea is emphasised during the effective period of recent National Economic and Social Development...

objectives: to implement goal-directed subsidies policy in framework of the its law is being seriously followed by state. implementing this policy as it has been defined in the law could be a deep surgery of economy with big negative consequences both in demand and supply sides if its theoretical foundation is wrong. hence, this paper aims to evaluate the theoretical sufficiency of neoclassical...

The forestry is an important sector that requires serious investment and research could enable the management of ecosystems transformation goods services from ecosystem into high value-added products. Additionally, refers to a remarkable economic potential for several sectors as well mining, animal husbandry, plant production. Up this point, it intended analyze progress in Turkey near term line...

a country’s foreign policy is greatly influenced by various internal, regional, trans-regional, and international factors.  in recent years china has adopted a peaceful foreign policy.  this paper aims to analyze the continuity of china’s peaceful foreign policy in the 21st century, and identify the most influential factors of the policy.  this paper will argue that china’s peaceful foreign pol...

the present article studies and analyses plan and planning in iran with respect to parameters of the idea of formation, birth, objectives, strategy and its functioning. iran has half-a-century record of planning, and has implemented 7 constructional and developmental plans so far (5 plans before and 2 plans after the revolution). right now, iran is implementing her third developmental plan. two...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

Since the inauguration of the government-led five year economic plans in the 1960s, Korea has achieved remarkable economic development. Korea’s economic strategy, known as ‘The Miracle on the Han River’, focused on heavy and chemical industries such as ship building and petrochemicals and was based on resource intensive urbanization. This rapid urban development caused a series of problems, suc...