20.1 Intruders Intruder Behavior Patterns Intrusion Techniques 20.2 Intrusion Detection Audit Records Statistical Anomaly Detection Rule-Based Intrusion Detection The Base-Rate Fallacy Distributed Intrusion Detection Honeypots Intrusion Detection Exchange Format 20.3 Password Management Password Protection Password Selection Strategies 20.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 20.5 Key Terms, Revi...

The sunk cost fallacy is one of the irrational choice behaviors robustly observed in humans. This fallacy can be defined as a preference for a higher-cost alternative to a lower-cost one after previous investment in a higher-cost alternative. The present study examined this irrational choice by exposing pigeons to several types of trials with differently illuminated colors. We prepared three ty...

As part of a book symposium on Erwin Dekker's Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994) and the Rise Economic Expertise (2021), Michele Alacevich reflects Tinbergen's vision economic expertise as a-political.

Probability theory, especially Bayesian probability, is widely misunderstood by the general public. Lawyers are no different from ordinary members of the public in falling victim to arguments that have been known to mathematicians for decades to be fallacies. The so-called prosecutor’s fallacy and the defendant’s fallacy are two well-known examples that arise from a basic misunderstanding of co...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between age and all-cause hospital utilization in the years preceding and following a diagnosis in hospital of heart failure, type 2 diabetes, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RESEARCH DESIGN A cohort study of all patients in Western Australia who have had a principal diagnosis of heart failure, type 2 diabetes, or COPD, upon admission to ...

Abstract Much of our ordinary thought and talk about responsibility exhibits what I call the ‘pie fallacy’—the fallacy thinking that there is a fixed amount for every outcome, to be distributed among all those, if any, who are responsible it. The pie fallacy, argue, because how an agent some outcome fully grounded in facts agent, relationships between them; it does not depend, particular, on an...